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EU External Border Policy and Postcolonial Capitalism in Mauritania

欧盟外部边境政策与毛里塔尼亚的后殖民资本主义

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W005867/1
负责人：
Hassan Ould Moctar
金额：
$ 12.94万
依托单位：
School of Oriental and African Studies
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW005867%2F1
关键词：
EU External Border Policy Postcolonial

项目摘要

Much of the literature on EU border externalisation focuses upon illegalised Europe-bound migrants (eg Andersson, 2014; Bialasiewicz, 2012; Casas-Cortes et al., 2015; De Genova, 2017; Tazzioli, 2016; Vives, 2017). Such approaches offer diverse insights, but they can obscure the contexts in which EU external border policies operate. Drawing upon 11 months of PhD fieldwork in Mauritania, this project examines the interaction between the externalisation of EU migration controls and more deeply embedded regional migratory histories, development trends, and associated webs of social relations in the country. To investigate this encounter, I carried out semi-structured interviews with numerous actors within the domain of migration and border management, as well as prolonged ethnographic investigations of the urban informal economy in which many migrants in Mauritania get by. This gave rise to an analysis that foregrounds the historical and social context in which EU external border policies operate. As such, my PhD rectifies an identified Eurocentric tendency within the literature on EU migration and border policy (Cuttitta, 2020:3; De Genova, 2013; Garelli & Tazzioli, 2013:247; Van Baar, 2016), as well as within critical migration and border studies more broadly (Berriane et al., 2015; New Keywords Collective, 2015:60; Korvensyra, 2017; Walters, 2015:11). Three contributions emerge from this analysis. Firstly, the thesis questions the assumptions of novelty that inform many analyses of EU border externalisation, assumptions often grounded in an erasure of historical context. When situated within a deeper historical trajectory, the EU border regime's external operations appear to be conditioned by a shift in territorial organisation that took place during the colonial era in the region. Moreover, EU external border policy is animated by the same asymmetric centre-periphery dynamics that facilitated this colonial shift in territorial organisation. Secondly, while the externalisation literature has drawn attention to the paradoxical fact that EU external border policy produces the very migrant illegality that it claims to prevent (Andersson, 2014; Casas-Cortes et al., 2014; Cobarrubias, 2019; De Haas, 2015), this illegality is often depicted in an isolated fashion, removed from the social relations in which it is necessarily embedded. My PhD shifts this emphasis by analysing how migrant illegality fits within the social relations and structures that have emerged from the history outlined above. From this perspective, the migrant labour that is illegalised by the border regime appears to be a more general and deep-seated feature of contemporary capitalism. Lastly, the two empirical contributions outlined above together generate a theoretical contribution. The PhD thesis grounds its critique of the externalisation literature in a wider debate between Marxist and postcolonial scholars around the issue of Eurocentrism. The conclusion chapter overcomes the impasse that often arises between these two perspectives, arguing that the means by which those illegalised by the EU border regime make sense of their social condition point toward a non-Eurocentric universalism. In this way, the project addresses not only the Eurocentrism of the literature on EU borders, but also highlights more general ways of moving beyond this phenomenon.

大部分关于欧盟边界外部化的文献都集中在非法进入欧洲的移民身上（例如Andersson，2014; Bialasiewicz，2012; Casas-Cortes等人，2015; De热那亚，2017; Tazzioli，2016; Vives，2017）。这些方法提供了不同的见解，但它们可能会掩盖欧盟外部边界政策运作的背景。该项目利用毛里塔尼亚11个月的博士实地考察，研究欧盟移民控制的外部化与更深层次的区域移民历史，发展趋势和该国社会关系的相关网络之间的相互作用。为了调查这一遭遇，我进行了半结构化的采访，许多演员在移民和边境管理领域，以及长期的人种学调查的城市非正规经济中，许多移民在毛里塔尼亚通过。这引起了一项分析，突出了欧盟外部边界政策运作的历史和社会背景。因此，我的博士学位纠正了欧盟移民和边境政策文献中确定的欧洲中心主义倾向（Cuttitta，2020：3; De热那亚，2013; Garelli & Tazzioli，2013：247;货车巴尔，2016），以及更广泛的关键移民和边境研究（Berriane等人，2015; New Keywords Collective，2015：60; Korvensyra，2017; Walters，2015：11）。这一分析产生了三个贡献。首先，论文质疑的假设新奇性，告知许多欧盟边界外部化的分析，假设往往在历史背景的擦除接地。当位于一个更深的历史轨迹，欧盟边境制度的外部操作似乎是由在该地区的殖民时代发生的领土组织的转变的条件。此外，欧盟的外部边界政策也受到同样的中心-边缘不对称动态的影响，这种不对称动态促进了领土组织的殖民转变。其次，虽然外部化文献引起了人们对一个自相矛盾的事实的注意，即欧盟的外部边界政策产生了它声称要防止的移民非法性（安德森，2014年;卡萨斯-科尔特斯等人，二〇一四年Cobarrubias，2019年; De哈斯，2015年），这种非法性通常以一种孤立的方式被描述，脱离了它必然嵌入的社会关系。我的博士学位通过分析移民非法性如何适应上述历史中出现的社会关系和结构来转移这一重点。从这个角度来看，被边境政权非法化的移民劳工似乎是当代资本主义的一个更普遍和更深层次的特征。最后，上面概述的两个经验贡献一起产生了理论贡献。博士论文的理由，其批评的外部化文学之间的马克思主义和后殖民学者围绕欧洲中心主义的问题更广泛的辩论。结论一章克服了这两种观点之间经常出现的僵局，认为那些被欧盟边境制度非法化的人理解他们的社会状况的手段指向一种非欧洲中心主义的普遍主义。通过这种方式，该项目不仅解决了关于欧盟边界的文学中的欧洲中心主义，而且还强调了超越这一现象的更普遍的方式。