Integrated Census Microdata (I-CeM)

综合人口普查微观数据 (I-CeM)

• 批准号: ES/X002039/1
• 负责人: Kevin Schurer
• 金额: $ 50.97万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX002039%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; Census; Microdata; CeM

From 1851 onwards the decennial British census returns contain vast amounts of comparable information on every household and individual in the country, and are the basis of much of our knowledge of changing social and economic structures in the period. Traditionally, however, the analysis of these sources was time-consuming, involving inputting data from the manuscript census returns into computer systems for analysis. For many years this limited the geographical scale and time periods of the research that could be undertaken using individual-level census materials, constrained the sorts of questions that could be asked, and added to the costs of research, while also severely limiting the opportunities offered for teaching. The 2009-2013 ESRC-funded Integrated Census Microdata (I-CeM) project, led by Schürer, completely transformed this situation by bringing together computerised versions of the censuses of Great Britain for the period 1851 to 1911. The underlying data for that project had been created via a public/private partnership, mainly for genealogical purposes, at a cost of c.£9 million, but were made available to Schürer to generate a new version of the census data for academic use. In order to maximise the quality, comparability, and usefulness of these digitised census returns, the earlier I-CeM project undertook a number of key tasks, including reformatting, checking and cleaning the data; developing standard coding schemes for occupational and other data; coding the data; standardising administrative boundaries for the periods covered; and the creation of a range of derived variables mainly focused on household membership, structure and composition. In addition, parish-level GIS files were created to enable the resulting census data to be mapped. The data files created as a result of the earlier I-CeM project have subsequently been curated and disseminated by the UKDS via two platforms developed under the provisions of the initial ESRC funding. One is, essentially, an online interactive download tool and the other an online data tabulation tool. The data were further supported by the creation of a dedicated project website providing researchers with a comprehensive 280-page user guide and a range of associated meta-data. The existing I-CeM data collection has already generated numerous research publications across a wide range of disciplines, including, demography, geography, history, economics, sociology, management and health studies - as well as supporting numerous Ph.D., Masters and undergraduate dissertations. In addition, reaching beyond academia, the data can be tabulated online using a version of the Nesstar system allowing family and local historians, school children and others to generate bespoke tables from the underlying raw data. Importantly, because the I-CeM datasets are complete censuses rather than samples, in addition to enabling multiple detailed small scale local studies, the release of I-CeM has allowed research on new subjects and on a scale not previously possible, in turn leading to a number of major UKRI-funded projects. This project will add the recently-released 1921 censuses to I-CeM - an additional 42.8 million individual records. As in the earlier I-CeM project, the 1921 transcriptions will be reformatted, checked, cleaned and importantly enhanced with a series of standardised codes and derived variables, without which the data are largely unusable for research purposes. The new data, together with an enhanced and up-dated version of the existing data for 1851 to 1911 will then be transferred to the UKDS for curation and future access. An important element of this project will be to upgrade and improve the existing data dissemination platforms, which are now some 10 years old. The data access will be supported by the creation of a new User Guide and associated metadata, made available via an upgraded I-CeM project website.

从1851年起，每十年一次的英国人口普查报告包含了大量关于该国每个家庭和个人的可比信息，并且是我们对这一时期社会和经济结构变化的许多知识的基础。然而，传统上，对这些来源的分析是耗时的，需要将人口普查报告草稿中的数据输入计算机系统进行分析。多年来，这限制了使用个人普查材料进行研究的地理范围和时间段，限制了可以提出的问题种类，增加了研究成本，同时也严重限制了提供的教学机会。2009年至2013年，由舒勒领导的ESRC资助的综合人口普查微数据（I-CeM）项目通过汇集1851年至1911年期间英国人口普查的计算机化版本，彻底改变了这种情况。该项目的基础数据是通过公共/私人合作伙伴关系创建的，主要用于系谱学目的，耗资约900万英镑，但Schürer可以使用这些数据来生成新版本的人口普查数据供学术使用。为了最大限度地提高这些数字化普查报告的质量、可比性和有用性，早期的I-CeM项目承担了一些关键任务，包括重新格式化、检查和清理数据;为职业和其他数据制定标准编码方案;对数据进行编码;使所涵盖时期的行政边界标准化;并建立了一系列衍生变量，主要侧重于家庭成员、结构和组成。此外，还创建了县一级的地理信息系统文件，以便能够绘制普查数据。作为早期I-CeM项目的结果创建的数据文件随后由UKDS通过根据ESRC初始资金的规定开发的两个平台进行策划和传播。一个基本上是在线交互式下载工具，另一个是在线数据制表工具。建立一个专门的项目网站，为研究人员提供280页的全面用户指南和一系列相关元数据，进一步支持了这些数据。现有的I-CeM数据收集已经在广泛的学科中产生了许多研究出版物，包括人口学，地理学，历史学，经济学，社会学，管理和健康研究-以及支持许多博士，硕士和本科论文。此外，在学术界之外，可以使用Nesstar系统的一个版本在线制表，使家庭和当地历史学家、学童和其他人能够根据基本的原始数据生成定制的表格。重要的是，由于I-CeM数据集是完整的人口普查而不是样本，除了能够进行多项详细的小规模本地研究外，I-CeM的发布还允许对新主题进行研究，并且在以前不可能的规模上进行研究，从而导致一些主要的UKRI资助项目。该项目将把最近发布的1921年人口普查数据添加到I-CeM中，增加4280万条个人记录。与早期的I-CeM项目一样，1921年的数据将被重新格式化、检查、清理，并通过一系列标准化代码和派生变量进行重要的增强，没有这些代码和变量，数据基本上无法用于研究目的。新数据以及1851年至1911年现有数据的增强和更新版本将转移到UKDS进行管理和未来访问。该项目的一个重要内容将是更新和改进已有10年历史的现有数据传播平台。数据访问将通过创建新的用户指南和相关元数据得到支持，这些指南和元数据将通过升级后的I-CeM项目网站提供。