"LEVELLING UP" LABOUR SUPPLY

冠状病毒大流行导致退休和长期患病人数增加，英国脱欧和大流行共同导致在英国的欧盟工人数量减少。总的来说，这些变化相当于劳动力规模的大幅减少，这是自“封锁”结束以来大多数部门雇主招聘工作人员面临困难的主要原因，也是薪酬和条件问题以及地域和社会不平等问题的主要原因。人们对英国各地不均衡的地理分布知之甚少，这些劳动力减少的来源推动了农村地区和伦敦一些行政区职位空缺的急剧上升，而这些地区恰恰是最依赖外国劳动力的地区。这些信息对于制定政策，有效地解决英国不同地区经济财富的“平级”问题非常重要，因为一些地方至少在短期内缺乏工人；还有一些人缺少工作，尤其是高薪工作。英国政府承诺在脱欧后向高工资经济转型，基于这样一种观点，即劳动力供应减少将刺激投资和创新，从而提高生产率，而英国已被锁定在依赖廉价国际劳动力的低成本经济模式中。随着最新证据的出现，这项研究将产生新的数据集，包括2021年人口普查，通过检查当地劳动力需求、供应、工资、生产率和失业率之间的联系，分析和洞察评估这一说法及其地理位置。更广泛地说，这项研究将更好地了解英国脱欧和疫情对英国不同地区当地劳动力市场和当地经济的影响，为未来经济抵御“冲击”的能力制定规划提供信息，并评估英国新移民政策在满足英国各地劳动力需求和技能短缺方面的有效性。

The Coronavirus pandemic has led to increases in retirement and long-term sickness, and Brexit and the pandemic together have led to a reduction in the number of EU workers in the UK. Together, these changes amount to a large reduction in the size of the workforce, which is the primary reason for difficulties faced by employers in most sectors recruiting staff since the ending of 'lockdown', as well as issue of pay and conditions and their geographical and social inequalities.Little is known about the uneven geography across the UK in these sources of reductions in the workforce in driving the sharpest rises in job vacancies in rural areas and some London boroughs, precisely the areas most dependent on foreign labour. This information is important in designing policies to effectively address "Levelling Up" the economic fortunes of different parts of the UK, with some places short of workers, at least in the short term; and others short of jobs, in particular well-paid jobs. The UK Government has promised a transformation to a high-wage economy following Brexit, predicated on the view that reduced labour supply will stimulate investment and innovation to raise productivity, and that the UK has become locked-in to a low-cost economic model dependent on cheap international labour. The research will produce new datasets as the latest evidence becomes available, including the 2021 Census of Population, analysis and insights to assess this claim and its geography, by examining links between local changes to local labour demand, supply, wages, productivity and unemployment.More generally, the research will better understand the impact of Brexit and the pandemic on local labour markets and local economies in different parts of the UK, to inform planning for future economic resilience to 'shocks', and to assess the effectiveness of the UK new immigration policy in meeting labour demand and skills shortages in all parts of the UK.