Contesting Money: public finance and the social limits of state power in Hungary, 1945-58

金钱竞争：匈牙利的公共财政和国家权力的社会限制，1945-58 年

• 批准号: ES/Y010302/1
• 负责人: Szinan Radi
• 金额: $ 15.3万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FY010302%2F1
• 关键词: Contesting; Money; public; finance; social

Having been at the centre of academic, political, and public discussions since the financial crash of 2008, money continues to be a puzzle in the post-pandemic world today. The fiscal capacity of states has been fiercely debated both on the political left and right in the wake of soaring energy prices and a cost of living crisis. Although since March 2020 governments around the world have unwittingly embarked on a course of increased fiscal intervention in public matters, commentators of this policy continue to warn us about the detrimental effects of 'socialist' fiscal conduct. This project will contribute to this discourse through considering money as a social institution regardless of economic system types to overcome the 'market-plan' dichotomy explicit in contemporary debates. It will provide a new theoretically-grounded empirical historical case study on how, and with what repercussions, the Hungarian postwar state prioritised fiscal policy over the central bank to create a stable money, prices, and full employment in 1945-58, from the world record hyperinflation of 1945-6 to the consolidation of communist power after the 1956 revolution. In arguing for a more nuanced and social relational understanding of the currency, the project will inform historiography as well as academic and policy debates on the fiscal limits of state power in remedying present day social and ecological issues. Moreover, the study will establish a new theoretical framework to study economic and political change based on the interrelationship of the means (taxes, bonds, credits, the lottery), methods (propaganda, wage and price policy), and implications (price levels, purchasing power) of public finance.My three interrelated aims in this project are (1) to produce a monograph based on my PhD thesis, (2) to build new networks for academic and non-academic cooperation, and (3) to disseminate my research and make impact by informing public discourse.(1) The monograph will explore state capacity, the social limits of fiscal control, and the effects of various voluntary (loans, savings deposits, the lottery), quasi-voluntary (state-loans), and involuntary (taxes) contractual fiscal arrangements on the development of political and economic change in postwar Hungary. It will offer a social history of money both 'from above' and 'below' through five chronological stages: the establishment (1945-6) and rethinking of the currency (1946-8); funding Stalinism (1948-53); financing the people (1953-6); and the consolidation of money (1956-8). I plan to submit the manuscript to Cambridge University Press by the end of the fellowship.(2) As well as drafting the monograph, I will establish new channels and activities to further research impact and public engagement. I will disseminate my research through presentations at two academic conferences and a specialist panel at the British Association for Slavonic & East European Studies. In addition, I will organise an international, interdisciplinary conference on the social history of money in the contemporary world. Besides early career and established scholars, I will invite representatives of British and Hungarian social science policy and research institutes to participate in a keynote and a roundtable to further international knowledge exchange by considering the ways in which historical case studies could help inform contemporary policy debates.(3) I will publish five short articles online during the length of the fellowship in order to make my research accessible to the wider public. This will include three empirical case studies on the fiscal dimensions of historical change in postwar Europe and two theoretical outputs on the ways reconsidering money as a social institution could help us address contemporary social and ecological issues. This will be achieved in collaboration with various media outlets such as History & Policy and The Conversation in the UK and Új Egyenloség and Mérce in Hungary.

自2008年金融崩溃以来，货币一直是学术，政治和公众讨论的中心，在当今大流行世界中，金钱仍然是一个难题。在能源价格高涨和生活危机成本之后，国家的财政能力在政治左右都激烈辩论。尽管自2020年3月以来，全世界各国政府就不知不觉地开始了对公共事务的财政干预措施的增加，但该政策的评论继续警告我们“社会主义”财政行为的有害影响。该项目将通过将金钱作为社会机构作为一种社会制度，无论经济体系类型如何克服当代辩论中的“市场计划”二分法。它将提供一项新的理论实证历史案例研究，介绍匈牙利战后的如何以及如何产生影响，将财政政策优先于中央银行，以在1945 - 58年创造稳定的货币，价格和充分的就业，从1945 - 6年的世界纪录的过度通货膨胀，从1945 - 6年的世界纪录的超充电，从1945 - 6年的共产主义统一到1955年的共产主义力量。在争论对货币的更细微和社会关系的理解时，该项目将为史学以及有关国家权力的财政限制的学术和政策辩论提供依据，以纠正当今的社会和生态问题。此外，这项研究将建立一个新的理论框架，以基于手段的相互关系（税收，债券，信贷，彩票）的相互关系来研究经济和政治变革，方法（宣传，工资和价格政策）以及对公共融资的影响（价格水平，购买力）的意义（价格，购买力）。非学术合作，以及（3）为了传播我的研究并通过告知公共话语来产生影响。它将提供货币的社会历史“从上方”和“下方”到五个按时间顺序排列：建立（1945-6）和对货币的重新思考（1946-8）；斯大林主义资金（1948-53）；为人民提供资金（1953-6）；和金钱的合并（1956-8）。我计划在奖学金结束时将手稿提交给剑桥大学出版社。（2）以及起草专着，我将建立新的渠道和活动，以进一步研究影响和公众参与。我将通过在英国斯拉夫尼克和东欧研究协会的两个学术会议上的演讲以及一个专业小组来传播我的研究。此外，我还将在当代世界中有关货币社会历史的组织跨学科会议。除了早期职业并建立了学者之外，我还将邀请代表英国和匈牙利社会科学政策和研究机构参与主题演讲，并通过考虑历史案例研究可以帮助当代政策辩论的方式来参与进一步的国际知识交流。（3）我将在在线访问我的研究期间在网上发表五篇简短的文章，以使我的研究能够访问我的研究公众。这将包括有关战后欧洲历史变化的财政方面的三个经验案例研究，以及关于重新考虑货币作为社会机构的方式的两个理论成果，可以帮助我们解决当代社会和生态问题。这将与各种媒体合作，例如历史和政策，英国的对话，匈牙利的埃及埃及和梅尔斯。