Sources, Seasonality, Transmission and Control: Campylobacter and human behaviour in a changing environment

来源、季节性、传播和控制：弯曲菌和不断变化的环境中的人类行为

• 批准号: G1100799/1
• 负责人: Sarah O Brien
• 金额: $ 446.61万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=G1100799%2F1
• 关键词: Sources; Seasonality; Transmission; Control; Campylobacter

Few of us would expect to die after a bout of diarrhoea. But the fact is that diarrhoeal disease kills. It can also lead to long-term, debilitating illnesses that adversely affect our industrial productivity and drain significant financial resource from our health and social services. Yet, much about what causes these potentially fatal diseases remains a mystery, not least because research to date has focused largely on one corner of the jigsaw. Our research will change this. Many of the organisms that cause diarrhoea occur naturally in animals. Some are easily transmitted to humans and have managed to adapt to - and thrive in - their new habitat. These organisms are abundant in the environment and there are countless ways for them to get into the human body. Until now, research has concentrated on contaminated food or water as the potential source of disease. No-one has yet studied the extent to which humans collude in their own misfortune. Is there something we do or fail to do that makes some of us more susceptible than others to these diseases? Our research unites experts from a wide variety of disciplines to answer these and other questions about what causes and spreads diarrhoeal disease. We will use Campylobacter spp, the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea in the developed world, as our case study. In 2010, there were an estimated 700,000 cases of Campylobacter spp in the UK. Around 200 people died; others developed irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis and paralysis. The annual UK cost of acute Campylobacter infection alone tops #600 million, more than the cost of Salmonella, Listeria and E. coli O157 combined. Yet we still do not know how half the cases arose. About 40% of cases occur during the spring peak . Yet we know little if anything about what happens in the environment, or to our food supply, or to our own behaviour to cause this. So our research will investigate and capture what does happen - to us, to our environment and to society - at a number of different intervals, in a variety of locations and over a range of different time periods so we can understand how all these factors combine to influence Campylobacter infection. This type of analysis will benefit future research into how social and ecological systems interact with and affect other organisms that cross the species boundary between animals and people.

我们很少有人会想到会在腹泻后死去。但事实是腹泻病会致命。它还可能导致长期的、使人衰弱的疾病，对我们的工业生产力产生不利影响，并耗尽我们的健康和社会服务的大量财政资源。然而，导致这些潜在致命疾病的原因仍然是个谜，尤其是因为迄今为止的研究主要集中在拼图的一个角落。我们的研究将改变这一点。许多引起腹泻的微生物自然存在于动物体内。有些很容易传播给人类，并设法适应新的栖息地并在其中茁壮成长。这些生物体在环境中大量存在，并且它们进入人体的方式有无数种。到目前为止，研究主要集中在受污染的食物或水作为潜在的疾病来源。还没有人研究过人类在多大程度上串通自己的不幸。我们做了什么或没有做什么，是否会导致我们中的一些人比其他人更容易感染这些疾病？我们的研究联合了来自各个学科的专家来回答这些问题以及有关腹泻病的病因和传播原因的其他问题。我们将使用弯曲杆菌属（发达国家最常见的腹泻细菌）作为我们的案例研究。 2010 年，英国估计有 700,000 例弯曲杆菌病例。约200人死亡；其他人则出现肠易激综合症、关节炎和瘫痪。英国每年仅因急性弯曲杆菌感染而造成的损失就高达 6 亿美元，超过了沙门氏菌、李斯特菌和大肠杆菌 O157 的总和。然而我们仍然不知道一半的病例是如何发生的。大约40%的病例发生在春季高峰期间。然而，我们对环境中发生的情况、我们的食物供应或我们自己的行为导致这种情况的情况知之甚少。因此，我们的研究将调查并捕捉在不同的时间间隔、不同的地点和不同的时间段内，我们、我们的环境和社会所发生的事情，以便我们能够了解所有这些因素如何结合起来影响弯曲杆菌感染。这种类型的分析将有利于未来研究社会和生态系统如何与跨越动物和人类之间物种边界的其他生物相互作用并影响其他生物。