CEREBRAL CORTICAL MECHANISMS FOR EYE MOVEMENTS AND VISUAL ATTENTION

大脑皮层的额叶视野包含三种不同的 在视觉引导的扫视之前活跃的神经元群体： 视觉神经元只对光有反应，运动神经元在 有目的的扫视，以及视觉运动神经元， 运动活动。 由于已知前视野投射到 上级丘的解剖学方法，逆向电 从上级丘刺激进行行为和 生理特征的额叶神经元，看看是否有任何细胞类型 计划优先。 在逆向激活的神经元中， 三分之一是运动或视觉运动，运动非常强烈 活动 只有不到2%是纯粹的视觉。 三分之一的神经元 在主动注视期间放电或被信号激发， 眼跳，但没有特定的运动场。 前眼区占据了两个经典定义的 cytoarchitectonic areas，8a and 45. 生理鉴定 前视野的边界和细胞大小的定量测量 揭示了一个新的细胞结构区域，其标志是大神经元， 该区域与生理上鉴定的 前视野并桥接区域8a和45之间的边界。 猴子可以被训练在几百以内调整扫视的增益 审判 当一只猴子被训练成对一个人进行适应性扫视时， 一定的尺寸，刺激上级丘导致 不适应而不是适应的成功。

The frontal eye fields of the cerebral cortex contain three different populations of neurons which are active before visually guided saccades: visual neurons responsive only to light, movement neurons active before purposive saccades, and visuomovement neurons which have both visual and movement activity. Since the frontal eye fields are known to project to the superior colliculus by anatomical methods, antidromic electrical stimulation from the superior colliculus was performed on behaviorally and physiologically characterized frontal neurons to see if any cell types projected preferentially. Of the antidromically activated neurons, two thirds were movement or visuomovement with very strong movement activities. Fewer than 2% were purely visual. One third of the neurons discharged during active fixation or were excited by the signal to make a saccade, but had no specific movement field. The frontal eye fields occupy parts of two classically defined cytoarchitectonic areas, 8a and 45. Physiological identification of the borders of the frontal eye fields and quantitative measurement of cell size revealed a new cytoarchitectonic region whose hallmark is large neurons in Layer V. This region is coterminous with the physiologically identified frontal eye fields and bridges the border between areas 8a and 45. Monkeys can be trained to adjust the gain of saccades within a few hundred trials. When a monkey has been trained to make an adapted saccade of a certain dimension, stimulation of the superior colliculus results in the generation of an unadapted rather than an adapted succade.