FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM

神经递质系统与许多更高层次的 功能，认知和情感，但具体的网站和机制， 行动尚未确定。 定位特定受体的研究 猴子体内的某些神经递质被用来攻击 这些问题 杏仁核损伤后的发现表明， 可能有从杏仁核到更高级的阿片样神经投射 感觉处理区域，如前额叶和眶额 地区 发育研究表明，尽管边缘皮层区域和 大多数皮层下区域在出生时具有成人样阿片受体， 新皮质区具有简单的和未分化的结合模式， 不像成年人那样 代谢研究表明， 阿片受体对F1带蛋白磷酸化速率的影响。 由于F1蛋白的磷酸化与学习相关， 这些结果表明，阿片类药物可能有助于控制与学习有关的 磷酸化过程。 苯二氮卓类和β-咔啉的放射自显影定位 猴子体内的受体表明，这两种药物与明显相同的 这意味着它们都作用于相同的大脑区域， 对焦虑产生影响。 烟碱和毒蕈碱胆碱能的放射自显影定位 结合位点表明，在猴子的皮质，烟碱位点是 位于以便调节传入的信息，而 毒蕈碱位点更可能调节皮质内加工。

Neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in many higher-order functions, both cognitive and emotional, but specific sites and mechanisms of action have not been identified. Studies to localize specific receptors for certain neurotransmitters in the monkey have been undertaken to attack these problems. Findings following lesions of the amygdala suggest that there may be opiatergic projections from the amygdala to higher-order sensory processing areas, such as the anterior insula and orbitofrontal areas. Developmental studies show that whereas limbic cortical areas and most subcortical regions have adult-like opiate receptors at birth, neocortical areas have simplied and undifferentiated binding patterns unlike the patterns seen in adults. Metabolic studies link the level of mu opiate receptors to the rate of protein phosphorylation in the F1 band. Since phosphorylation of F1 protein has been correlated with learning, these results suggest that opiates may help control the learning-related phosphorylation process. Autoradiographic localization of benzodiazepine and beta-carboline receptors in monkey shows that both drugs bind with apparently identical distributions, implying that they both act on the same brain regions to produce their effects on anxiety. Autoradiographic localization of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic binding sites in monkey suggests that, in the cortex, nicotinic sites are situated so as to modulate incoming afferent information, whereas muscarinic sites are more likely to modulate intracortical processing.