LIPID PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY

总体目标是将物理化学原理和技术应用于 研究涉及脂质的生理和病理过程的学科。一定的 生物体液(血浆、淋巴、胆汁)含有溶解或悬浮的脂类。 脂肪在组织、细胞和体液中的病理分布。是这样的 可能会导致动脉粥样硬化或胆结石等疾病。细菌的质膜 细胞和细胞内细胞器含有复杂的极性脂类，而不是 易溶，但以将流动性与稳定性相结合的方式构建。 膜的组成因细胞器和其他细胞器的不同而不同。 在脂肪和蛋白质分布方面都是不对称的。膜 组成和不对称性可以通过外部环境的变化来改变 或由体内代谢紊乱引起，这样的变化可能会导致缺陷 功能。参与分解代谢的酶的遗传性缺陷 复杂的磷脂和鞘磷脂导致未代谢的 细胞器、细胞膜和溶酶体中的脂类。这些积累 影响细胞和器官功能，引起各种家族性血脂病。 最后，某些较低极性的脂类(例如，在脂肪中) 组织、肾上腺、性腺、肝脏和动脉粥样硬化病变中) 从水体系中分离出来的相中含有脂类。这些阶段可能是 液体或更具结构的液晶相或晶相。《长河》 学期目标是研究脂质的物理状态和分子相互作用。 以及生命系统中的蛋白质，将它们与模型系统进行比较，了解它们如何 身体状态会影响新陈代谢，反之亦然。 正常脂质转运和膜功能的分子基础，最终 为了了解脂质积累条件的分子基础，如 如动脉粥样硬化、脂蛋白血症和脂代谢。

The overall objective is to apply physical-chemical rationale and techniques to the study of physiological and pathological processes involving lipids. Certain biological fluids (plasma, lymph, bile) contain lipids solubilized or suspended into a pathological distribution of lipids in tissues, cells, and fluids. Such disorders as atherosclerosis or gallstones may result. The plasma membranes of cells and of intracellular organelles contain complex polar lipids which are not soluble but are structured in such a way as to combine fluidity with stability. Membrane composition varies from organelle to organelle and further membranes are asymmetric with respect to both lipid and protein distribution. Membrane composition and asymmetry can be altered by changes in the external environment or by internal metabolic perturbations and such changes may lead to defective function. Inherited deficiencis of enzymes involved in the catabolism of complex phospho- and sphingolipids result in the accumulation of unmetabolized lipids in cellular organelles, membranes and lysosomes. These accumulations affect cell and organ function and give rise to the various familial lipidoses. Finally, certain less polar lipids (occurring for instance in the adipose tissue, adrenal glands, gonads, liver and in the lesions of atherosclerosis) contain lipids in phases separated from the aqueous system. These phases may be liquid or more structured liquid crystalline or crystalline phases. The long term goals are to study the physical state and molecular interactions of lipids and proteins in living systems, to compare them to model systems, to learn how the physical state affects metabolism and vice versa, to understand the molecular basis of normal lipid transport and membrane function and ultimately to understand the molecular basis of conditions in which lipids accumulate, such as atherosclerosis, the lipoproteinemias, and the lipidoses.