Prenatal and infancy origins of biological and social-cognitive processes in disruptive behaviour problems in children aged 7 - 9 years.

7 - 9 岁儿童破坏性行为问题中生物和社会认知过程的产前和婴儿期起源。

• 批准号: MR/L022257/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Hill
• 金额: $ 244.15万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FL022257%2F1
• 关键词: Prenatal; infancy; origins; biological; social

Young children who frequently hit other people, who disobey rules and are disruptive in social and school settings, are much more likely than other children to show continued behaviour problems into adult life, including criminality, unstable relationships, poor work record, depression, alcohol and drug problems. They are more likely to expose their own children to maltreatment. The problems arise from a complicated mix of genetic and environmental influences, in which key factors probably include, prenatal stress, early infant emotionality, and harsh or abusive parenting as risk, and warm parenting as protective factors. Prevention needs to start in pregnancy and infancy, and treatment in early childhood.There are strong indications that there are important differences among children with aggressive and disruptive behaviour problems. There are some whose behaviours are driven mainly by angry, impulsive, reactions to the behaviours of other people, and some where lack of emotional reactivity and of empathic responses to others' feelings are the key. We predict that infants who are highly emotional, especially those who react strongly to frustration, and also those who show higher hormonal and nervous system reactions to stress, and who are exposed to family adversity, are more likely later to see others' behaviours as threatening and to react angrily and aggressively. By contrast we expect the unempathic children, as infants to have engaged less with other people, and to have shown lack of fear to ordinary stressors, and that this will have contributed to a lack of emotional responsiveness to others, and hence indifference to their distress. We propose that persistent levels of threat in the early environment will contribute to a third route to aggressive and disruptive behaviours, in which the young child initially shows high reactivity, but then adapts by developing low reactivity leading to a lack of responsiveness to others' distress. It is essential to identify these differences as a basis for developing specific interventions in pregnancy and infancy, and treatments in early childhood. This will be the first study following children from pregnancy to age 9 years that will test for the three proposed pathways. Funded by two previous MRC grants we have followed, from pregnancy, first time mothers and their children with assessments at two time points in pregnancy and at 5 and 9 weeks after birth, then 7 months, 14 months, 2.5 years, 3.5 years, and 4.5 years, and now plan to assess at 7 and 9 years. We initially recruited 1286 first time pregnant women who were representative of the general population. Of these 1233 mothers were available for postnatal follow-up together with their infant. We have studies them from birth to age 4.5 years using questionnaires, health visitor reports, and home assessments. During pregnancy we invited a smaller number of women (316), of whom many reported high relationship stress, to form a higher risk group for more intensive assessments over time. We have interviewed the mothers regularly about their own mental health and social support, and assessed their children in interaction with their mothers, and as individuals, up to the age of 4.5 years. At age 7 years we will assess around 300 children and their parents with a comprehensive battery of measures, many of which, such as of planning and inhibiting inappropriate responses, we have used before. Measures of particular interest will be of children's behavioural and physiological reactions to a social exclusion game, to emotionally arousing pictures, and to scenes depicting children in situations that most people see as frightening, or likely to lead to sadness or anger. We will assess the wider group of around 540 children with briefer, but related measures. At ages 7 and 9 years we will obtain standardized information about the children's behaviours and emotions from parents, teachers, and the children themselves.

经常打人、不遵守规则、在社会和学校环境中捣乱的幼儿，比其他儿童更有可能在成年后出现持续的行为问题，包括犯罪、不稳定的关系、不良的工作记录、抑郁、酗酒和吸毒问题。他们更有可能让自己的孩子遭受虐待。这些问题是由遗传和环境影响的复杂组合引起的，其中的关键因素可能包括产前压力、婴儿早期情绪、作为风险的严厉或虐待的父母，以及作为保护因素的温暖的父母。预防需要在妊娠期和婴儿期开始，治疗需要在幼儿期开始。有强烈的迹象表明，有攻击性和破坏性行为问题的儿童之间存在着重要的差异。有些人的行为主要是由对他人行为的愤怒、冲动反应所驱动的，有些人缺乏情绪反应和对他人感受的移情反应是关键。我们预测，那些高度情绪化的婴儿，尤其是那些对挫折反应强烈的婴儿，以及那些对压力表现出更高荷尔蒙和神经系统反应的婴儿，以及那些经历过家庭逆境的婴儿，更有可能在以后将他人的行为视为威胁，并做出愤怒和攻击性的反应。相比之下，我们认为缺乏同情心的孩子在婴儿时期与他人接触较少，对普通的压力源缺乏恐惧，这将导致对他人缺乏情感反应，因此对他们的痛苦漠不关心。我们认为，早期环境中持续的威胁水平会导致第三种攻击性和破坏性行为，在这种情况下，幼儿最初表现出高反应性，但随后通过发展低反应性来适应，导致对他人的痛苦缺乏反应。至关重要的是确定这些差异，作为制定孕期和婴儿期具体干预措施以及幼儿期治疗方法的基础。这将是第一次对从怀孕到9岁的儿童进行研究，测试这三种途径。在MRC之前的两笔拨款的资助下，我们从怀孕开始，在怀孕的两个时间点，出生后5周和9周，然后是7个月，14个月，2.5岁，3.5岁和4.5岁，现在计划在7岁和9岁时进行评估。我们最初招募了1286名首次怀孕的妇女，她们是一般人群的代表。其中1233名母亲可以和她们的婴儿一起接受产后随访。我们通过问卷调查、健康访视报告和家庭评估对他们进行了从出生到4.5岁的研究。在怀孕期间，我们邀请了较少数量的女性（316），其中许多人报告了高关系压力，形成一个高风险组，随着时间的推移进行更深入的评估。我们定期采访了这些母亲，了解她们自己的心理健康和社会支持，并评估了她们的孩子与母亲的互动情况，以及作为个人，直到4.5岁。在7岁时，我们将对大约300名儿童和他们的父母进行全面的评估，其中许多措施，如计划和抑制不适当的反应，我们以前使用过。特别感兴趣的测量将是儿童对社交排斥游戏的行为和生理反应，对唤起情感的图片，以及对描绘儿童处于大多数人认为可怕或可能导致悲伤或愤怒的情境的场景的反应。我们将对更广泛的约540名儿童群体进行评估，采取更简短但相关的措施。在7岁和9岁时，我们将从父母、老师和孩子自己那里获得关于孩子行为和情绪的标准化信息。

项目成果

On the risks of secure attachment in infancy: Childhood irritability and adolescent depression predicted by secure attachment and high approach behaviours at 14-months towards a caregiver living with inter-parental violence

关于婴儿期安全依恋的风险：安全依恋和 14 个月大时对遭受父母间暴力的照顾者的高接近行为可预测儿童期的烦躁和青少年抑郁

• DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1143125
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• 作者: Hill J

Sex differences in foetal origins of child emotional symptoms: a test of evolutionary hypotheses in a large, general population cohort.

• DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13229
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
• 作者: Braithwaite EC;Pickles A;Wright N;Sharp H;Hill J
• 通讯作者: Hill J

Synergy between callous-unemotional traits and aggression in preschool children: cross-informant and cross-cultural replication in the UK Wirral Child Health and Development Study, and the Colombian La Sabana Parent-Child Study

学龄前儿童冷酷无情的特征与攻击性之间的协同作用：英国威勒尔儿童健康与发展研究和哥伦比亚拉萨瓦纳亲子研究的跨信息和跨文化复制

• DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/8ncxh
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Obando D

Sex-dependent associations between maternal prenatal cortisol and child callous-unemotional traits: Findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study.

母亲产前皮质醇与儿童冷酷无情特征之间的性别依赖性关联：威勒尔儿童健康与发展研究的结果。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104409
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Psychoneuroendocrinology
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Wright N