DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF RESPIRATORY CONTROL IN STUTTERING

口吃呼吸控制的动态方面

• 批准号: 2840436
• 负责人: MARGARET DENNY
• 金额: $ 10.9万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-04-01 至 2003-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2840436
• 关键词: adult human (21+); behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition disorders; disease /disorder etiology; hearing disorders; human subject; model design /development; mood disorders; nervous system disorder; psychological models; pulmonary respiration; respiratory airway volume; respiratory disorder; respiratory function; respiratory gas level; sleep disorders; smoking; stuttering; tobacco abuse

Disruptions of breathing in persons who stutter (PWS) have been documented since 1931 (7); they have been associated with perceptually fluent and stuttered speech and with nonspeech tasks. Yet there has been little recent investigation of respiratory control in PWS, and its contribution to the etiology of stuttering is unknown. The research proposed here is designed to increase understanding of the place of respiration within a multifactorial model of stuttering (80, 81, 83, 104). Identification of aspects of respiratory control associated with high risk for disfluency is seen as prerequisite for delineating the interaction of respiration with other variables which also play a role in the development and maintenance of stuttering. The research proposed here is designed to address three broad questions: 1) In normal speakers, what happens to known instabilities in the control of life-support breathing when speech is initiated? How do these instabilities affect stuttering speakers? 2) Does a general inability to take control of respiration characterize the motor systems of persons who stutter? 3) Is respiratory control in PWS more reactive to arousal associated with cognitive and emotional processing? For all of these questions, preliminary data implicate dynamic processes, thus, there is an emphasis on tasks that impose timing constraints, and on analyses that go beyond long-term averages to look at how respiratory control processes change over time in both normal and stuttering speakers. Among therapies in current use, the status of respiratory control ranges from major focus to nonexistent (20). Improved understanding of the role of respiration in stuttering has the potential to effect major change in the practice of therapy for this disorder, which affects approximately 1 percent of the adult population worldwide.

自1931年以来，口吃者（PWS）的呼吸中断已有文献记载（7）;它们与感知流畅和口吃的言语以及非言语任务有关。 然而，最近很少有关于PWS呼吸控制的研究，其对口吃病因的贡献尚不清楚。 这里提出的研究旨在增加对呼吸在口吃多因素模型中的位置的理解（80，81，83，104）。识别与不流利高风险相关的呼吸控制方面被视为描绘呼吸与其他变量的相互作用的先决条件，这些变量也在口吃的发展和维持中发挥作用。这里提出的研究旨在解决三个广泛的问题：1）在正常的发言者，发生了什么已知的不稳定性控制的生命支持呼吸时，语音启动？ 这些不稳定性是如何影响口吃者的？2)口吃者的运动系统是否以呼吸控制能力丧失为特征？3)PWS患者的呼吸控制是否对与认知和情绪处理相关的唤醒反应更大？ 对于所有这些问题，初步数据涉及动态过程，因此，重点是施加时间限制的任务，以及超出长期平均值的分析，以了解正常和口吃者的呼吸控制过程如何随时间变化。在目前使用的治疗中，呼吸控制的状态范围从主要焦点到不存在（20）。 对呼吸在口吃中的作用的进一步了解有可能影响这种疾病治疗实践的重大变化，这种疾病影响了全球约1%的成年人口。