INTEGRATION BY AIRWAY PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA NEURONS

气道副交感神经节神经元的整合

• 批准号: 6017257
• 负责人: ALLEN C MYERS
• 金额: $ 23.06万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-04-01 至 2001-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6017257
• 关键词: autonomic ganglion; bronchus; guinea pigs; human tissue; immunocytochemistry; muscle tone; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurons; neuroregulation; neurotransmitter transport; neurotransmitters; parasympathetic nervous system; respiratory muscles; respiratory reflex; smooth muscle

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): In the airway, the autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle tone, secretion by glands, and blood flow. Although there is abundant physiological and pharmacological evidence indicating that dysfunction of this autonomic control of the airways contributes to the causes and symptoms of pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma and emphysema, little is actually known about the regulation of these nerves. Our long term goal is to provide knowledge of how autonomic tone is regulated in the airway, especially that provided by the parasympathetic nervous system. Control of smooth muscle in the trachea and bronchi is predominantly by nerve fibers that emanate from neuronal cell bodies in parasympathetic ganglia, small clusters of cell bodies located near the airway wall. The parasympathetic tone of the airway smooth muscle is thought to be under the control of the central nervous system where signals are transmitted rhythmically during respiration to the parasympathetic neurons in the airway wall. This signal activates airway parasympathetic ganglia neurons by release of a neurotransmitter which mediates cholinergic synaptic transmission in the ganglia. A separate, but potentially important, form of neural regulation of parasympathetic neurons in the airways is by the so-called local peripheral reflex pathway. In this case, a sensory nerve is activated by changes in the airway and communicates directly with the parasympathetic neuron in the nearby ganglia by releasing neuropeptides from branches of the sensory axon, evoking non-cholinergic synaptic transmission. In other words, this is a sensory-parasympathetic reflex, independent of the central nervous system. A peripheral reflex would thus allow local increases in parasympathetic tone in an airway segment, independent of changes in another segment. This proposal describes experiments that will characterize the mechanistic basis of peripheral reflex activation of airway parasympathetic neurons in human bronchi. This will be done by: 1) measuring sensory input to individual neurons with electrophysiological and anatomical techniques and also determining the neurotransmitter that neuron synthesized; 2) identifying receptors that mediate changes in excitability during reflex activation; 3) determining the biophysical mechanisms of receptor activation, and 4) determining the effects of sensory reflex activation on smooth muscle tone.

描述（申请人的摘要）：在气道中，自主神经 系统控制平滑肌张力，腺体分泌和血流。 尽管有丰富的生理和药理证据 表明这种自主控制的功能障碍 导致肺部疾病的原因和症状，例如 支气管哮喘和肺气肿，实际上对 这些神经的调节。 我们的长期目标是提供有关 气道如何调节自主语调，尤其是由 副交感神经系统。 控制气管中平滑肌 支气管主要是由神经元细胞散发出的神经纤维 副交感神经的物体，位于细胞体的小簇 在气道墙附近。 气道平滑肌的副交感神经音调 被认为是在中枢神经系统的控制之下 信号在呼吸期间有节奏地传播 气道墙中的副交感神经元。 该信号激活气道 通过释放神经递质的副交感神经神经元 介导神经节中的胆碱能突触传播。 一个单独的，但是 副交感神经元的神经调节的可能重要的形式 在航空公司中，由所谓的本地外围反射途径。 在这个 案例，气道的变化激活了感官神经并通信 直接与附近神经节中的副交感神经元一起释放 来自感觉轴突的分支的神经肽，引起非胆碱能 突触传输。 换句话说，这是一种感官 - 帕拉斯交感神经 反射，独立于中枢神经系统。 外围反射 因此，将允许气道中局部副交感神经调整 细分，独立于另一个细分市场的变化。 该提案描述了 将表征外围机械基础的实验 人支气管中气道副交感神经元的反射激活。 这 将通过：1）测量对单个神经元的感官输入 电生理和解剖技术，还确定 神经元合成的神经递质； 2）识别受体 介导反射激活期间兴奋性的变化； 3）确定 受体激活的生物物理机制，4）确定 感觉反射激活对平滑肌音调的影响。