LINGUISTIC EXPERIENCE AND SPEECH PERCEPTION IN CHILDREN

这个项目的长期目标是更好地理解 语言经验的减少对语言发展的影响。 需要检验的特定模型，称为“音位基础假说” (PBH)，建议遭受语言经验减少的儿童 显示出语音发育的延迟，并且这些延迟解释了 语言(即句法)发展的延迟。这一模式是从 两个来源：(1)PI的工作显示出 分配给声学语音参数的感知权重和建议 这种转变与音系学的发展有关 意识；以及(2)其他人的工作表明语音意识较差 与对复杂句法的理解能力差有关。另一种选择 需要检验的假设是，语言能力减退的儿童 经验将显示一般听觉处理的缺陷。 能力，而这些缺陷将解释它们在 语言发展。实验将在三组人中进行 被认为遭受语言经验减少的儿童(患有 慢性中耳炎病史，来自低社会经济阶层的儿童 环境和听力受损儿童)和一组对照组 孩子们。五个具体目标将检验以下假设 语言经验的减少显示出成熟语言发展的延迟 加权策略和语音意识； 这些技能的发展导致了对 复杂的句法；早期的、短暂的语言经验缺陷 可以克服，如果后来的经验是充分和适当的； 减少语言经验的条件在他们的 而语音或语言发育的延迟并不是 由于一般听觉处理的不同。结果应该是 对儿童精神分裂症的医疗和行为治疗的影响 中耳炎，生活在低社会经济环境中的儿童，以及 听力受损的儿童。

The long-term goal of this project is to develop a better understanding of the effects of diminished linguistic experience on language development. The specific model to b tested, termed the 'phonological base hypothesis' (PBH), suggests that children who suffer diminished linguistic experience show delays in phonological development, and that these delays explain delays in language (i.e., syntactic) development. This model evolved from two sources: (1) work by the PI showing a developmental shift in the perceptual weights assigned to acoustic speech parameters and suggesting that this shift is correlated with the development of phonological awareness; and (2) work by others showing that poor phonological awareness is correlated with poor comprehension of complex syntax. An alternative hypothesis to be tested is that children with diminished linguistic experience will show deficiencies in general auditory-processing abilities, and that these deficiencies will explain their delays in language development. Experiments will be conducted with three groups of children thought to suffer diminished linguistic experience (children with histories of chronic otitis media, children from low socioeconomic environments, and hearing-impaired children) and a group of control children. Five Specific Aims will test the hypotheses that children with diminished linguistic experience show delays in the development of mature weighting strategies and in phonological awareness; that delays in the development of these skills result in problems with the comprehension of complex syntax; that early, short-lived deficits in linguistic experience can be overcome, if later experience is adequate and appropriate; that conditions that diminish linguistic experience are additive in their effects; and that delays in phonological or language development are not due to differences in general auditory processing. Results should have implications for the medical and behavioral treatment of children with otitis media, children living in low socioeconomic environments, and hearing-impaired children.