Poverty-Related Risk Factors for Auditory and Language Deficits in Children

儿童听觉和语言缺陷的贫困相关风险因素

• 批准号: 10815155
• 负责人: Susan Nittrouer
• 金额: $ 64.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-18 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10815155
• 关键词: 8 year old; Acoustics; Address; Affect; Age; Auditory; Auditory system; Biological; Biological Factors; Birth Weight; Black race; Buffers; Categories; Child; Child Development; Child Rearing; Childhood; Chronic; Code; Complex; Cues; Development; Endogenous Factors; Exogenous Factors; Face; Friends; Gestational Age; Goals; Growth; Health; Human; Impairment; Incidence; Institutional Racism; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Language Disorders; Learning; Linguistics; Measures; Medical; Methodology; Mind; Minor; Minority; Modeling; Mothers; Otitis Media with Effusion; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Participant; Performance; Perinatal; Peripheral; Poverty; Premature Birth; Process; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Scientist; Severities; Signal Transduction; Societies; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stress; Structural Racism; Structure; Testing; Time; War; Work; child poverty; deaf; effusion; experience; health care disparity; hearing impairment; innovation; lexical; novel; phonology; postnatal; premature; skills; social; social determinants; social factors; socioeconomics; supportive environment

Project Summary/Abstract Ever since Lyndon Johnson declared a War on Poverty in the 1960s, developmental scientists have been assessing the effects of poverty on child development, especially language acquisition. Ample evidence shows that some of the negative effect can be explained by social determinants: how parents talk to their children, parental stress, and parents’ knowledge of child development. But these factors fail to account for all, or even most of the language deficit seen in children of poverty. The goal of this project is to explore the hypothesis that poverty-driven biological determinants can explain previously unaccounted for variance in those deficits. Two novel mechanisms are proposed to account for additional variance in the language deficits of children of poverty: (1) Mothers and children in poverty face healthcare inequities that put these children at enhanced risk of delays in the development of auditory functions, beyond raised thresholds; (2) Deficits in suprathreshold auditory functions negatively impact language acquisition for children in poverty more than for children from middle-class backgrounds because optimal social factors buffer effects for the latter group. With these possibilities in mind, the overall goal of this current project is to explore the comprehensive hypothesis that being born into poverty imposes myriad risk factors for delayed development of language skills, arising from both social and biological determinants. The social determinants to be studied include: (1) impoverished parental language input; (2) enhanced parental stress; and (3) poorer parental knowledge of child development. The biological determinants include: (1) premature birth and (2) chronic otitis media with effusion (OME). The most innovative aspect of this work is that it will explore the hypothesis that prematurity and OME are responsible for delays in development of suprathreshold auditory processes critical to language acquisition. Children born into poverty are both more likely to experience these health problems and less likely to benefit from the mitigating effects of a highly supportive environment. This project seeks: (1) to measure the contributions of each of these sources of deficit by examining auditory (spectral and temporal processing) and language (lexical, morphosyntactic, and phonological) functioning in young children born with varying SES; (2) to expand our understanding of the connections from perinatal/postnatal health conditions to development of auditory functions to language learning; and (3) disentangle the effects of poverty and systemic racism on these barriers to language acquisition. These goals will be addressed with three Specific Aims. Aim #1 will quantify the direct effects of the social and biological determinants described above on language skills. Aims #2 and #3 will focus on the proposed biological determinants, assessing the effects of premature birth and OME on the emergence of spectral and temporal processing (Aim #2) and assessing the contributions of spectral and temporal processing to language acquisition across the socioeconomic continuum (Aim #3). Results will enhance our understanding of the root sources of language deficit for children in poverty, as well as for all children born too soon or experiencing OME.

项目摘要/摘要 自从林登·约翰逊在20世纪60年代宣布向贫困宣战以来，发展科学家一直在 评估贫困对儿童发展的影响，特别是语言习得。充分的证据表明 一些负面影响可以用社会决定因素来解释：父母如何与孩子交谈， 父母的压力，以及父母对儿童发展的了解。但这些因素不能解释所有因素，甚至不能解释 大多数语言缺陷出现在贫困儿童身上。这个项目的目标是探索这样一种假设 贫困驱动的生物决定因素可以解释这些赤字以前无法解释的差异。 提出了两种新的机制来解释儿童语言缺陷的额外差异 贫困：(1)贫困的母亲和儿童面临医疗不平等，使这些儿童面临更大的风险 听功能发育延迟，超过提高的阈值；(2)阈值上的缺陷 听觉功能对贫困儿童语言习得的负面影响大于贫困儿童 中产阶级背景，因为最优的社会因素缓冲了对后者的影响。有了这些 考虑到可能性，当前项目的总体目标是探索全面的假设，即 出生在贫困中会给语言技能的迟缓发展带来无数的风险因素，这是由社会因素引起的 和生物决定因素。需要研究的社会决定因素包括：(1)父母语言贫乏 投入；(2)父母压力增加；(3)父母对儿童发展的了解较差。生物学的 决定因素包括：(1)早产和(2)慢性渗出性中耳炎(OME)。最具创新力的 这项工作的一个方面是它将探索这样的假设，即早产和OME应为 对语言习得至关重要的阈值上听觉过程的发展。出生在贫困中的孩子 都更有可能经历这些健康问题，而不太可能从以下缓解效果中受益 一个高度支持的环境。本项目寻求：(1)衡量每个来源的贡献 通过检查听觉(频谱和时间加工)和语言(词汇、形态合成和 音韵学)在出生时具有不同SES的幼儿的功能；(2)扩大我们对 从围产期/出生后健康状况到听觉功能发展与语言学习的联系； 以及(3)消除贫困和系统性种族主义对这些语言习得障碍的影响。这些 这些目标将有三个具体目标。目标1将量化社会和生物方面的直接影响 语言技能的决定因素如上所述。目标#2和#3将重点放在拟议的生物 决定因素，评估早产和OME对光谱和时间的出现的影响 处理(目标2)和评估频谱和时间处理对语言习得的贡献 跨越社会经济连续体(目标3)。这一结果将加深我们对 贫困儿童以及所有过早出生或经历OME的儿童的语言缺陷。