FOLLOWUP OF WOMEN DWI OFFENDERS 5 YEARS AFTER SCREENING

虽然妇女占因驾车而被捕的所有人的13%， 在全国范围内受损（DWI），他们在很大程度上被忽视， investigators. 然而，有证据表明， 犯罪者越来越多，妇女在其中所占比例过高， 酒精受损的司机参与严重的机动车碰撞。 的 累积文献中关于影响DWI和高 风险驾驶的研究完全来自于对男性的研究。 因素 这已经成为男性驾驶风险的重要贡献者 包括五个社会心理领域：人口统计学特征; 过度饮酒;人格特质;急性情绪状态 苦恼;和驾驶相关的态度（多诺万，马拉特和萨尔茨伯格）。 多诺万、马拉特和他的同事们假设了一个理论上的认知- 行为模型，该模型集成了这些因素对 驾驶风险（Donovan，Marlatt和Salzberg，1983）。 的目的 拟议的项目是描述妇女DWI罪犯，测试 这一模式的适用性，以女性与男性DWI罪犯，发展 基于获得的信息的驾驶结果预测模型 在初步评估期间，并评估信息的质量 在初步评估中。 为了实现这一目标， 将对整个队列进行对照随访研究， 女性第一次DWI罪犯谁是最初评估时， 从市法院系统移交Lovelace综合法院 筛查计划（LCSP）在其运作的头三年。 将对所有可用的妇女进行结构化的面对面访谈 第一次DWI罪犯（N+约1，000），和一个对照组 男性初犯人数与女性初犯人数相等 民族/种族群体。 这些访谈将研究酒精的过程 以及指数逮捕后5年内的驾驶问题。 a总共约2，000人将接受采访：47%西班牙裔，39% 非西班牙裔白色，12%的美洲原住民和2%的其他种族。 酒精滥用/依赖流行率和精神健康诊断 将使用明确的诊断标准来确定。 率 三个族裔/种族妇女的酒精使用和精神健康障碍 将比较各亚组以及男性与女性的比率。 这些 率也将与一般人口的比率进行比较， 流行病学集水区（ECA）项目评估。 信息 收集的数据将用于根据以下方面制定女性罪犯的类型学： 认知行为模型 然后我们将确定 这些类型区分低风险和高风险群体， 女性酒后驾车罪犯 此外，我们还将评估 在初步筛选面试中提供的信息。 描述性 所提出的分析研究将增加关于以下方面的知识 这部分DWI罪犯人口，将具有实际价值 制定和实施有效的预防和筛查 方案，并匹配适当的治疗干预的客户。

Although women constitute 13% of all persons arrested for Driving While Impaired (DWI) nationally, they have been largely ignored by investigators. Yet, evidence indicates that the numbers of women DWI offenders is increasing, and that women are overrepresented among alcohol-impaired drivers involved in serious motor vehicle crashes. The cumulative literature regarding factors which contribute to DWI and high risk driving has been derived exclusively from studies of males. Factors which have emerged as important contributors to driving risk among males encompass five psychosocial domains: demographic characteristics; excessive alcohol use; personality traits; acute states of emotional distress; and driving-related attitudes (Donovan, Marlatt, and Salzberg). Donovan, Marlatt, and colleagues have postulated a theoretical cognitive- behavioral model which integrates the influence of these factors on driving risk (Donovan, Marlatt, and Salzberg, 1983). The purpose of the proposed project is to characterize women DWI offenders, test the applicability of this model to female versus male DWI offenders, develop predictive models for driving outcomes based on information obtained during the initial assessment, and evaluate the quality of information provided in the initial assessment. To accomplish this a systematic, controlled follow-up study will be conducted of the entire cohort of female first DWI offenders who were initially evaluated at the time of referral from a municipal court system to the Lovelace Comprehensive Screening Program (LCSP) during its first three years of operation. Structured, in-person interviews will be conducted on all available women first DWI offenders (N + approximately 1,000), and a comparison group consisting of male first offenders in numbers equal to the female ethnic/race groups. These interviews will examine the course of alcohol and driving problems over the 5-year period following the index arrest. a Total of about 2,000 persons will be interviewed: 47% Hispanic, 39% non-Hispanic white, 12% Native Americans and 2% other races. Prevalence rates of alcohol abuse/dependence, and mental health diagnoses will be ascertained using well specified diagnostic criteria. Rates of alcohol use and mental health disorders in women in the three ethnic/race subgroups will be compared, as will rates for males vs. females. These rates also will be compared with rates in the general population as assessed by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) project. Information gathered will be used to develop typologies of women offenders based upon the cognitive-behavioral model. We will then determine the extent to which these typologies differentiate among groups of low and high risk female DWI offenders. In addition, we will evaluate the accuracy of information provided in the initial screening interview. The descriptive and analytical study proposed will add to the body of knowledge about this segment of the DWI offender population and will have practical value in developing and implementing effective prevention and screening programs, and matching clients with appropriate treatment interventions.