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Food Insecurity, Intrahousehold Dynamics, and Lifecourse Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

低收入和中等收入国家的粮食不安全、家庭内部动态和生命历程结果

基本信息

批准号：
MR/T021950/1
负责人：
Jasmine Fledderjohann
金额：
$ 147.16万
依托单位：
Lancaster University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT021950%2F1
关键词：
Food Insecurity Intrahousehold Dynamics Lifecourse

项目摘要

Food Insecurity (FI) involves insufficient or inconsistent access to enough safe and nutritious food to sustain a healthy life. While there is a large literature on the negative consequences of FI for the health and well-being of children from high-income countries, findings from high-income settings may not apply in other contexts. Evidence on the long-term impacts of FI on health, skills acquisition, and employment and educational trajectories from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is extremely limited, particularly focusing on late childhood through adolescence. Evidence from a lifecourse perspective, where consideration is given to how the timing (when FI occurs) and persistence (how long it lasts) of FI might matter is also very sparse. What evidence does exist in this area does not consider how the risk and experience of FI may be different for different individuals within the household. This project will address gaps in the evidence on FI in three key ways:1. I will document the long-term impacts of FI for children and adolescents in four LMICs: India, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and Peru. I will begin by applying statistical models to Young Lives data, a survey on children's well-being that has tracked outcomes (including FI) for children in all four countries since 2002. Beyond considerable negative implications for health and well-being, the detrimental impacts of FI have the potential to substantially stymie economic growth. 2. I will also apply statistical models to Young Lives data to consider what makes some families resilient --that is, why is it that not all families in poverty experience FI, while some households above the poverty line do experience FI? Of particular importance will be the role of extended family and government programs in helping families to get by. 3. Findings from the statistical models will then be validated through collection and analysis of rich, in-depth interview data with families about their experiences of economic hardship and FI. Building on these findings, I will then examine how we can measure individual-level FI in survey data. Current standard practice in survey data is to measure FI as a household level phenomenon. However, this approach cannot capture inequalities within households, where some members of the household may have better access to food than others. Measurement of individual-level FI alongside household-based measures is a necessary next step for understanding inequalities. I will draw on my findings from Young Lives and my qualitative interviews in order to develop a new individual-level measure of FI. Given that, of the global food insecure population, 1/9 live in India alone, and undernourishment is increasing most in sub-Saharan Africa and South America, my focus on the selected countries promises to have a tremendous impact on global FI. This cross-national focus will also enable mutual policy learning between countries. The importance of FI will grow in coming decades, driven by e.g. climate change. This is particularly salient in LMICs, where agriculture is vital--for example, 85% of Ethiopians depend on agriculture for their livelihoods.I will achieve the my goals in this project by building on my strong track record of analysing survey data and collecting and analysing interview data in LMICs in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Capitalizing on existing data (Young Lives) which I have previous experience analysing will provide a low-risk, high-efficiency means of generating evidence on FI in India. I will then extend my analysis to the other three countries for which there are Young Lives data, as well as collecting primary qualitative data and developing and testing a new measure of individual-level FI. These efforts will be supported by leveraging my existing in-country partnerships, developing new partnerships, and assembling an outstanding research team.

粮食不安全(FI)是指不能或不一致地获得足够的安全和有营养的食物来维持健康生活。虽然关于高收入国家儿童健康和福祉的负面影响的文献很多，但来自高收入环境的研究结果可能不适用于其他情况。关于金融创新对低收入和中等收入国家的健康、技能获得、就业和教育轨迹的长期影响的证据极其有限，特别是侧重于从儿童后期到青春期。从生命周期的角度来看，考虑FI的时机(何时发生)和持久性(持续多长时间)可能起作用的证据也非常稀少。在这一领域存在的证据没有考虑到家庭内不同个人的FI风险和经历如何不同。这个项目将通过三个关键方面来解决FI证据方面的差距：1.我将在四个LMIC中记录FI对儿童和青少年的长期影响：印度、埃塞俄比亚、越南和秘鲁。我将首先将统计模型应用于Young Lives数据，这是一项关于儿童福祉的调查，自2002年以来一直跟踪所有四个国家的儿童结果(包括FI)。除了对健康和福祉有相当大的负面影响外，金融危机的有害影响还有可能严重阻碍经济增长。2.我还将把统计模型应用于Young Lives的数据，以考虑是什么使一些家庭具有韧性--即，为什么并非所有贫困家庭都经历了FI，而一些贫困线以上的家庭确实经历了FI？尤其重要的是大家庭和政府项目在帮助家庭勉强度日方面的作用。3.统计模型的结果将通过收集和分析对家庭的丰富、深入的访谈数据来验证，这些数据是关于他们的经济困难和经济困难经历的。在这些发现的基础上，我将研究如何在调查数据中衡量个人层面的FI。目前调查数据的标准做法是将FI作为一种家庭层面的现象来衡量。然而，这种方法不能涵盖家庭内部的不平等，因为家庭中的一些成员可能比其他成员更容易获得食物。衡量个人层面的FI以及以家庭为基础的衡量标准，是理解不平等的下一个必要步骤。我将利用我在《青年生活》中的发现和我的定性访谈，以开发一种新的个人层面的FI衡量标准。鉴于在全球粮食不安全人口中，仅印度就有1/9，而撒哈拉以南非洲和南美洲的营养不良情况正在加剧，我对选定国家的关注有望对全球粮食安全产生巨大影响。这种跨国关注还将使国家之间的政策相互学习成为可能。在气候变化等因素的推动下，FI的重要性在未来几十年将会增长。这在农业至关重要的地方尤为突出，例如，85%的埃塞俄比亚人以农业为生。我将在我分析南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地方和中等收入国家调查数据和收集和分析访谈数据的良好记录的基础上，实现我在这个项目中的目标。利用我以前分析过的现有数据(年轻的生命)，将提供一种低风险、高效率的手段，在印度产生关于FI的证据。然后，我将把我的分析扩展到其他三个有青年生活数据的国家，以及收集初步的定性数据，并开发和测试个人层面的FI的新衡量标准。这些努力将通过利用我现有的国内伙伴关系、发展新的伙伴关系和组建一支优秀的研究团队来支持。