权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Better Regulation for Better Health

更好的监管促进更好的健康

基本信息

批准号：
MR/T023244/1
负责人：
Eleanor Brooks
金额：
$ 97.84万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT023244%2F1
关键词：
Better Regulation Health

项目摘要

This project is about how policy-makers balance the protection of health with the need to encourage economic growth by reducing burden on businesses. Governments address this balance through a set of mechanisms known as Better Regulation (BR). The project asks whether BR is undermining health regulation in the EU and the UK and what can be done about this. Most European governments have BR programmes which try to reduce the volume and burden of their legislation, and many face opposition for civil society organisations (CSOs), concerned that this might threaten health protection. The first part of the project focuses on the EU, where there is evidence that corporate interests, such as big tobacco companies, had a role in the design of the Better Regulation Agenda (BRA) and anticipated that it would help them to weaken anti-smoking rules. The BRA applies to all EU policies so the potential damage of an unbalanced process is significant. However, a number of things are not known for certain:- The extent of the problem - exactly what impact (positive or negative) on health is being seen as a result of the BRA?- Why it is happening - what part of the BRA is causing the problem? Is there an issue with the kind of scientific evidence used, or the actors involved, perhaps?- How is this related to broader pressures to deregulate and oblige big business?The first stage of the project seeks to answer these questions and, in doing so, to change the way in which the BRA works. It focuses on a particular element - a process known as REFIT (Regulatory Fitness), in which existing laws are reviewed to make sure that they do not present an undue burden for business. It will use four case studies; pieces of law which the EU has chosen to improve using REFIT. CSOs will help to choose three of these but the fourth will be the REFIT review of the Air Quality Directives. Taking these as an example, the project will:1. Develop the analytical framework. How will we know if the air quality rules have been weakened? How can we measure this? 2. Build the dataset. We will gather all documents from the review of air quality law, interview key people involved and construct a map of how the process worked. 3. Analyse the data. Using our analytical framework, we will assess whether the review has strengthened or undermined health objectives, how this has happened, and how this relates to broader policy patterns.4. Build capacity and share knowledge. Throughout the project, we will train CSOs interested in air quality and health, share what we have learned, and promote change in the BRA. In the second phase of the project, these steps are replicated at the UK level, looking at the UK's BR programme. This will involve engaging in debates about the UK's rapidly changing regulatory framework as its links with the EU continue to evolve. By the end of the project we will (a) know how BR has affected health, (b) have built CSO capacity for involvement in future reviews, and (c) have established a network of actors working for the improvement of health regulation in the EU, UK and beyond. To be sure that the project reaches the right audiences, two organisations with experience in BR in the EU (the European Public Health Alliance) and the UK (New Economics Foundation) will be closely involved. Their extensive network of CSOs and policy-makers will help the project to reach a wide audience of actors who can shape the way in which BR works and what it achieves. This change is urgently needed; improving laws and policies is not a new idea but, in the aftermath of the economic crisis, governments have renewed their efforts to simplify regulation and cut red tape. Moreover, as the UK adapts its changing relationship with the EU, the form of BR that it adopts will impact upon the 'health' of UK public policies. This project provides the tools to ensure that such reforms are designed to strengthen health policy, not undermine it.

该项目是关于决策者如何平衡保护健康与通过减轻企业负担来鼓励经济增长的需要。政府通过一套称为更好监管（BR）的机制来解决这一平衡。该项目询问BR是否正在破坏欧盟和英国的卫生监管，以及对此可以做些什么。大多数欧洲政府都有BR计划，试图减少立法的数量和负担，许多政府面临民间社会组织的反对，担心这可能会威胁到健康保护。该项目的第一部分侧重于欧盟，有证据表明，大型烟草公司等企业利益在更好的监管议程（BRA）的设计中发挥了作用，并预计这将有助于他们削弱反吸烟规则。BRA适用于所有欧盟政策，因此不平衡过程的潜在损害是巨大的。然而，有一些事情是不确定的：-问题的程度-究竟什么影响（积极或消极）对健康被视为是由于BRA？-为什么会发生-BRA的哪一部分导致了问题？使用的科学证据是否有问题，或者参与的演员是否有问题？这与要求放松管制和迫使大企业就范的更广泛压力有什么关系？该项目的第一阶段旨在回答这些问题，并在此过程中改变BRA的工作方式。它侧重于一个特定的要素-一个被称为REFIT（监管适应性）的过程，在这个过程中，对现有法律进行审查，以确保它们不会给企业带来不必要的负担。它将使用四个案例研究;欧盟选择使用REFIT改进的法律。民间社会组织将帮助选择其中三个，但第四个将是REFIT对空气质量指令的审查。以这些为例，该项目将：1。建立分析框架。我们如何知道空气质量规则是否被削弱了？我们如何衡量这一点？2.构建数据集。我们将收集空气质量法审查的所有文件，采访相关的关键人员，并构建一个过程如何运作的地图。3.分析数据。利用我们的分析框架，我们将评估审查是否加强或削弱了卫生目标，这是如何发生的，以及这与更广泛的政策模式有何关系。能力建设和知识共享。在整个项目中，我们将培训对空气质量和健康感兴趣的民间社会组织，分享我们所学到的知识，并促进BRA的变革。在该项目的第二阶段，这些步骤在联合王国一级得到复制，着眼于联合王国的生物资源方案。这将涉及参与有关英国迅速变化的监管框架的辩论，因为它与欧盟的联系继续发展。在项目结束时，我们将（a）了解BR如何影响健康，（B）建立民间社会组织参与未来审查的能力，（c）建立一个致力于改善欧盟、英国及其他地区卫生监管的行为者网络。为了确保该项目达到正确的受众，欧盟（欧洲公共卫生联盟）和英国（新经济基金会）的两个具有BR经验的组织将密切参与。他们广泛的民间社会组织和决策者网络将有助于该项目接触到广泛的参与者，他们可以塑造商业再生的工作方式和成果。这一变化是迫切需要的;改善法律和政策并不是一个新的想法，但在经济危机之后，各国政府重新努力简化监管和减少繁文缛节。此外，随着英国调整其与欧盟的关系，它采用的BR形式将影响英国公共政策的“健康”。该项目提供了工具，以确保这些改革旨在加强而不是削弱卫生政策。