ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION SOURCES, PATHWAY CONCENTRATIONS & BEHAVIOR

农药污染源、途径浓度的评估

• 批准号: 6106538
• 负责人: THOMAS MCKONE
• 金额: $ 14.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-11-01 至 1999-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6106538
• 关键词: agriculture worker; behavior; child (0-11); clinical research; dosage; dust; environmental health; environmental toxicology; epidemiology; food contamination; human subject; model design /development; organophosphorus insecticide; perinatal; pesticide residues; pesticides; pregnancy; questionnaires; urinalysis

Recent studies show that young children can be highly exposed to pesticides due to their normal oral exploration of their environment and their level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Farmworker children may be exposed to even higher pesticide levels as a result of pesticides tracked into their homes by farmworker household members, by pesticide drift, by breast milk from their farmworker mother, and by playing in the fields. The purpose of this proposal is to better characterize the magnitude and pathways of pesticide exposure to young children. The four specific aims are: (1) to measure prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure to farmworker children and to characterize population-level correlates of exposure; (2) to characterize pesticide concentrations in environmental media along exposure pathways that link children to pesticide use; (3) to describe the exposure-prone behavior of young children; and (4) to develop a multimedia multi-pathway pesticide exposure-assessment model. To meet specific aim 1, we will measure the level of organophosphates (OP) metabolites in the urine of 550 mothers during pregnancy and in the urine of their children at 6, 12, 24 and 26 months and computer descriptive statistics for the OP metabolites levels by population characteristics, e.g. season, age, parental occupation, etc. To meet aim 2, we will select from the 550 children 52 each at ages 6 and 24 months. We will administer a detailed exposure questionnaire and make measurements of OP levels in house-dust, food/beverage, parents' work clothing, hand-wipes, and maternal urine (for breast-feeding 6 month olds). To meet specific aim 3, we will select from the 52 children 10 each at ages 6 and 24 months to conduct a video-taped time-activity analysis of dermal contact and hand-to-mouth behaviors. Video-taped activities will be translated into computer text files to develop statistical descriptions of exposure-prone behavior. To meet specific aim 4, we will adapt an existing multimedia-model to the study population and region to simulate exposures for farmworker children. This model will be re-calibrated using actual exposure pathway data (from specific aim 2) and exposure-prone behavior data (from specific aim 3) to increase the reliability with which we can identify for this and other populations important exposure routes, behaviors, and pathways for children's exposures to pesticides. The ultimate goal of this research is to identify the most important exposure pathways for young children so that effective and age-appropriate interventions and policies can be designed.

最近的研究表明，幼儿可以高度接触到 由于杀虫剂对环境的正常口腔探索， 他们与地板和其他表面的皮肤接触程度。农场工人 儿童可能会接触到更高水平的杀虫剂， 农药跟踪到他们的家园，由农民家庭成员， 农药漂移，母乳从他们的农场工人的母亲， 在田野里玩耍 本提案的目的是更好地描述 幼儿接触农药的途径。四个具体目标 主要有：（1）产前、产后有机磷农药检测 暴露于农场工人的儿童和表征人口水平 （2）确定农药浓度的特征， 环境媒体沿着接触途径， 农药的使用;（3）描述年轻人的行为倾向 （4）开发多媒体多途径杀虫剂 风险评估模型。为了实现具体目标1，我们将测量 550名母亲尿中有机磷代谢物水平 在怀孕期间以及在6岁、12岁、24岁和26岁的孩子的尿液中 月和OP代谢物水平的计算机描述性统计量 按人口特征，例如季节、年龄、父母职业等。 为了实现目标2，我们将从550名儿童中选出52名6岁和 24个月我们将管理一份详细的接触问卷， 测量室内灰尘、食品/饮料、父母工作中的OP水平 衣物、湿巾和产妇尿液（用于哺乳6个月 奥尔兹）。为了实现具体目标3，我们将从52名儿童中每人挑选10名 在6个月和24个月时进行录像时间活动分析， 皮肤接触和手口接触。录像活动将 翻译成计算机文本文件， 有自杀倾向的行为为了实现具体目标4，我们将调整现有的 研究人群和区域的多媒体模型，以模拟接触 农场工人的孩子。该模型将使用实际的 暴露途径数据（来自具体目标2）和易受伤害行为 数据（来自具体目标3），以提高我们可以 为这一人群和其他人群确定重要接触途径， 行为和儿童接触杀虫剂的途径。的 这项研究的最终目标是确定最重要的暴露 为幼儿提供有效和适合年龄的途径， 可以设计干预措施和政策。