ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION SOURCES, PATHWAY CONCENTRATIONS & BEHAVIOR

农药污染源、途径浓度的评估

• 批准号: 6442554
• 负责人: THOMAS MCKONE
• 金额: $ 17.41万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-11-01 至 2001-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6442554
• 关键词: agriculture worker; behavior; child (0-11); clinical research; dosage; dust; environmental health; environmental toxicology; epidemiology; food contamination; human subject; model design /development; organophosphorus insecticide; perinatal; pesticide residues; pesticides; pregnancy; questionnaires; urinalysis

Recent studies show that young children can be highly exposed to pesticides due to their normal oral exploration of their environment and their level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Farmworker children may be exposed to even higher pesticide levels as a result of pesticides tracked into their homes by farmworker household members, by pesticide drift, by breast milk from their farmworker mother, and by playing in the fields. The purpose of this proposal is to better characterize the magnitude and pathways of pesticide exposure to young children. The four specific aims are: (1) to measure prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure to farmworker children and to characterize population-level correlates of exposure; (2) to characterize pesticide concentrations in environmental media along exposure pathways that link children to pesticide use; (3) to describe the exposure-prone behavior of young children; and (4) to develop a multimedia multi-pathway pesticide exposure-assessment model. To meet specific aim 1, we will measure the level of organophosphates (OP) metabolites in the urine of 550 mothers during pregnancy and in the urine of their children at 6, 12, 24 and 26 months and computer descriptive statistics for the OP metabolites levels by population characteristics, e.g. season, age, parental occupation, etc. To meet aim 2, we will select from the 550 children 52 each at ages 6 and 24 months. We will administer a detailed exposure questionnaire and make measurements of OP levels in house-dust, food/beverage, parents' work clothing, hand-wipes, and maternal urine (for breast-feeding 6 month olds). To meet specific aim 3, we will select from the 52 children 10 each at ages 6 and 24 months to conduct a video-taped time-activity analysis of dermal contact and hand-to-mouth behaviors. Video-taped activities will be translated into computer text files to develop statistical descriptions of exposure-prone behavior. To meet specific aim 4, we will adapt an existing multimedia-model to the study population and region to simulate exposures for farmworker children. This model will be re-calibrated using actual exposure pathway data (from specific aim 2) and exposure-prone behavior data (from specific aim 3) to increase the reliability with which we can identify for this and other populations important exposure routes, behaviors, and pathways for children's exposures to pesticides. The ultimate goal of this research is to identify the most important exposure pathways for young children so that effective and age-appropriate interventions and policies can be designed.

最近的研究表明，幼儿可以高度接触 农药由于对环境的正常口头探索而引起的农药 它们与地板和其他表面的真皮接触水平。农场工人 由于儿童可能会暴露于更高的农药水平 农场工人家庭成员追踪的农药，由 农药漂移，由他们的农民母亲的母乳以及 在田野里玩。 该提议的目的是更好地描述大小和 农药暴露于幼儿的途径。四个特定目标 为：（1）测量产前和产后有机磷酸盐农药 暴露于农场工作者的儿童并表征人口级别 暴露相关； （2）表征农药浓度 环境媒体沿着曝光途径，将儿童连接到 农药使用； （3）描述年轻的容易暴露行为 孩子们; （4）开发多媒体多条纹农药 曝光评估模型。为了满足特定目标1，我们将衡量 550位母亲的尿液中有机磷酸盐水平（OP）代谢物 怀孕期间和孩子的尿液在6、12、24和26 OP代谢物水平的月份和计算机描述性统计 根据人口特征，例如季节，年龄，父母职业等。 要满足AIM 2，我们将从6岁的550名儿童中选择550名儿童和 24个月。我们将管理一份详细的曝光问卷，并进行 家居用餐，食品/饮料，父母工作的OP水平的测量 服装，手工磨碎和尿液（用于母乳喂养6个月 老年）。要满足特定目标3，我们将从52个儿童中选择10个 在6和24个月的年龄段进行视频与 真皮接触和手到口径的行为。视频五个活动将是 翻译成计算机文本文件以开发 容易暴露的行为。要满足特定目标4，我们将适应现有的 对研究人群和地区模拟暴露的多媒体模型 适用于农场儿童。该模型将使用实际的 暴露途径数据（来自特定目标2）和容易暴露的行为 数据（来自特定目标3）以提高我们可以的可靠性 确定和其他人口重要的曝光路线， 行为和儿童暴露于农药的途径。这 这项研究的最终目标是确定最重要的接触 幼儿的途径，因此有效且适合年龄 可以设计干预措施和政策。