A vision of healthy urban design for NCD prevention

预防非传染性疾病的健康城市设计愿景

• 批准号: MR/T038934/1
• 负责人: Ruth Hunter
• 金额: $ 49.71万
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT038934%2F1
• 关键词: vision; healthy; urban; design; NCD

Non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as cancer, heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory conditions like asthma, and poor mental health, are some of the most common causes of death in the UK and Australia. The design of our cities play an important role in preventing these chronic diseases and have a significant consequent impact on the quality of life and life expectancy of their citizens. However, in a rapidly evolving urban age, urban designers, urban planners and public health practitioners still know surprisingly little about how best to design our cities in order to prevent NCD and their known risk factors. This proposal is innovative because we are harnessing perspectives of scientists from a wide range of different disciplines across urban design, public health and computer science. Through novel methods, we aim to provide better understanding of how the design of our cities impacts on NCD and their known risk factors in the UK and Australia, and how we can best effect change for the better.Our overarching aim is to generate evidence and tools to support the urban planning and health sectors to better understand how to design our cities to prevent NCD. We will also involve local citizens in discussions about our findings so they can effectively and powerfully advocate for change in their own cities. The research project has the following objectives:1. Use new methods in computer vision and artificial intelligence to explore the relation between urban design and NCD in cities across the UK and Australia.2. Investigate how different designs within cities impact on health inequalities including NCD.3. Combine data from different sources to investigate the mechanisms by which the design of our cities causes NCD.4. Learn lessons about how different ways of designing our cities prevent NCD and their known risk factors.5. Develop a toolkit for action for local citizens, urban designers and planners, public health practitioners and policy makers, to help inform future policies and lead to powerful, actionable changes in the city.6. To build a legacy of transdisciplinary research capacity in public health science, urban design and computer science, with clear pathways to impact.The project involves 3 work packages. The first involves building the evidence base on the relationship between urban design and NCD. This will be comprised of two levels of analysis: the city level and individual level. This acknowledges that people's health is affected by their immediate environment and, at same time, by the way the entire city is organised. This will help us better understand which features of the built environment are associated with city designs, NCD and their known risk factors, such as not being physically active, having poor diet, smoking, consuming alcohol and being exposed to air pollution. A further work package will then test changes to the design of our cities to analyse how they will help prevent NCD and reduce known risk factors. The findings will help inform future policies and practices leading to actionable changes in the design of our cities to make them healthier places for people to live. Finally, we will develop a toolkit that urban designers and planners, public health practitioners, students, policymakers and local citizens can use to advocate and lobby for actionable healthy changes to their cities. At the end of the study we will meet with experts from different fields of research, to help us further interpret our findings and discover how they might apply to other contexts and cities to prevent NCD.

非传染性疾病（NCD），如癌症，心脏病，II型糖尿病，哮喘等慢性呼吸道疾病以及精神健康状况不佳，是英国和澳大利亚最常见的死亡原因。我们城市的设计在预防这些慢性病方面发挥着重要作用，并对城市居民的生活质量和预期寿命产生重大影响。然而，在一个迅速发展的城市时代，城市设计师、城市规划者和公共卫生从业人员对如何最好地设计我们的城市以预防非传染性疾病及其已知风险因素仍然知之甚少。这个建议是创新的，因为我们正在利用来自城市设计，公共卫生和计算机科学等广泛不同学科的科学家的观点。通过新的方法，我们的目标是更好地了解我们的城市设计如何影响NCD及其在英国和澳大利亚的已知风险因素，以及我们如何才能最好地实现更好的变化。我们的首要目标是生成证据和工具，以支持城市规划和卫生部门更好地了解如何设计我们的城市，以预防NCD。我们还将让当地公民参与讨论我们的调查结果，以便他们能够有效和有力地倡导自己城市的变革。本课题的研究目标如下：1.使用计算机视觉和人工智能的新方法来探索英国和澳大利亚城市的城市设计和NCD之间的关系。调查城市内不同的设计如何影响健康不平等，包括非传染性疾病。结合不同来源的联合收割机数据，研究城市设计导致NCD的机制。了解我们城市设计的不同方式如何预防NCD及其已知的风险因素。5.为当地公民、城市设计者和规划者、公共卫生从业人员和决策者制定一个行动工具包，以帮助为未来的政策提供信息，并导致城市发生强有力的、可操作的变化。在公共卫生科学、城市设计和计算机科学领域建立跨学科研究能力，并明确产生影响的途径。该项目包括3个工作包。第一部分是建立城市设计与NCD之间关系的证据基础。这将包括两个层面的分析：城市层面和个人层面。这承认人们的健康受到其直接环境的影响，同时也受到整个城市的组织方式的影响。这将有助于我们更好地了解建筑环境的哪些特征与城市设计、非传染性疾病及其已知的风险因素有关，例如缺乏体力活动、饮食不良、吸烟、饮酒和暴露于空气污染。然后，进一步的工作包将测试我们城市设计的变化，以分析它们如何有助于预防非传染性疾病和减少已知的风险因素。这些发现将有助于为未来的政策和实践提供信息，从而在我们的城市设计中实现可操作的变化，使它们成为人们生活的更健康的地方。最后，我们将开发一个工具包，供城市设计师和规划师、公共卫生从业人员、学生、政策制定者和当地公民使用，以倡导和游说他们的城市进行可行的健康变革。在研究结束时，我们将与来自不同研究领域的专家会面，以帮助我们进一步解释我们的研究结果，并发现它们如何适用于其他环境和城市，以预防NCD。

项目成果

Irrigating urban green space for cooling benefits: the mechanisms and management considerations

• DOI: 10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7c
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Environmental Research: Climate
• 作者: Pui Kwan Cheung;K. Nice;S. Livesley

Developing urban biking typologies: Quantifying the complex interactions of bicycle ridership, bicycle network and built environment characteristics

开发城市自行车类型：量化自行车骑行、自行车网络和建筑环境特征的复杂相互作用

• DOI: 10.1177/23998083221100827
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Urban Analytics and City Science
• 作者: Beck B

DALLE-URBAN: Capturing the urban design expertise of large text to image transformers

DALLE-URBAN：捕捉大型文本到图像转换器的城市设计专业知识

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Techniques and Applications
• 作者: Seneviratne S

Self-Supervised Vision Transformers for Malware Detection

• DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3206445
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: IEEE Access
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Sachith Seneviratne;Ridwan Shariffdeen;Sanka Rasnayaka;Nuran Kasthuriarachchi

Daytime irrigation leads to significantly cooler private backyards in summer

• DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101310
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Urban Climate
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Pui Kwan Cheung;C.Y. Jim;N. Tapper;K. Nice;S. Livesley