GroundsWell: Community-engaged and Data-informed Systems Transformation of Urban Green and Blue Space for Population Health

有强有力的证据表明，城市地区的自然环境，如公园、林地、湖泊和海滩，对健康有积极影响。这些城市绿色和蓝色空间(UGB)如果可用、可用、有价值和得到很好的利用，特别是对于不那么有利的群体，可能是保护和平等健康的巨大资产。问题是，它们并非如此。这在很大程度上是因为参与设计、创建、管理、推广、维护和使用UGBS的许多政策、组织和社区是脱节的。此外，UGBS可以帮助大多数弱势社区的声音要么没有被听到，要么没有说服力。也许结果是，这些社区从这些空间中受益的可能性要小得多。我们知道，我们拥有的UGBS并不是我们需要为更好和更平等的健康做出最大可能贡献的UGBS。Snoswell的目标是改变这一点。我们建议建立一种新的伙伴关系--研究人员与社区以及目前创建和控制UGBS的人合作，更好地规划、设计和管理UGBS，使每个人都受益，特别是那些最需要它的人。主要研究将在三个城市进行--贝尔法斯特、爱丁堡和利物浦。它们有足够的相似性(如大型和多样化的低收入社区)，但也有鲜明的特征(如地理和文化)，使它们成为理想的实验室。每个城市都已经制定了改善UGBS的政策和方案，但仍有很大的改进空间。Snoswell将采取系统化的方法。这意味着理解政策制定、实践、认知和人员的多重和相互关联的组成部分，这些因素共同影响着普遍地球观测系统的存在、地点、特征和使用。它还意味着努力改造系统，使各个组件一起发挥作用。要做到这一点，Snoswell将混合新理论框架的共同开发、包括模拟、卫生经济学和政策分析在内的新数据科学，但其核心将是社区参与和伙伴关系。我们将开发和使用有意义的社区参与、联合制作和公民科学来理解这个系统，确定它是如何以及在哪里被打破的，并共同创造解决方案。我们预计针对UGBS系统如何运行的干预措施，以及围绕实际空间及其使用的小规模干预措施。数据在理解系统方面发挥着重要作用。Snoswell将开发一个可访问、值得信赖和与政策相关的系统，以整理、收集、存储和共享这三个城市的UGBS数据。这些数据将被用来帮助整个联盟了解那里的UGBS，确定可能的干预措施，然后评估它们是否有效、对谁有效以及为什么有效，创建反馈循环来帮助我们持续监控、学习和调整我们所做的事情。新的模拟方法也将被用来建议干预措施，特别是在这三个城市之外什么可能是有效的。健康经济学将提出什么才是最物有所值的。行动和解决方案到位的一个重要部分是了解它们是否有效(或不有效)。将利用我们建立的新数据系统，与我们的社区合作，对我们的行动和整个联盟进行评估，使他们能够直接看到这一进程是否以及如何使他们受益。特别是，我们将评估和分享我们对健康不平等的影响。我们对我们可能产生的影响的规模持现实态度。现有的UGBS和地方社区内的小行动不太可能在我们的供资期间影响人口水平、健康和不平等。这就是为什么我们将专注于改善UGBS系统的整体，为长期利益奠定基础。我们知道，UGBS的使用和享受是成年人传给孩子的。如果Snoswell能够改善和平衡UGBS的作用，它将产生持久的影响。

There is strong evidence that natural environments within urban areas, such as parks, woodlands, lakes and beaches, have positive impacts on health. These urban green and blue spaces (UGBS) could be huge assets for protecting and equalising health if they were available, accessible, valued and well-used, particularly by less advantaged groups. The problem is that they are not. This is largely because the many policies, organisations and communities involved in designing, creating, managing, promoting, maintaining and using UGBS are disconnected. Also, the voices of less advantaged communities that UGBS could be helping most are either not heard or not persuasive. Perhaps as a consequence, those communities are much less likely to benefit from these spaces. We know that the UGBS we have are not the UGBS we need to make the best possible contribution to better and more equal health. GroundsWell aims to change that. We propose a new partnership - researchers working together with communities and those who currently create and control UGBS, to plan, design and manage it better so that it benefits everyone, especially those who need it most. The main research will take place in three cities - Belfast, Edinburgh and Liverpool. These have sufficient similarities (such as large and diverse low-income communities) but also distinct features (such as geography and culture) making them, collectively, an ideal laboratory. Each city already has policies and programmes in place to improve UGBS, but there is much room for improvement. GroundsWell will take a systems approach. This means understanding the multiple and interconnecting components of policy-making, practice, perception and people which together affect the presence, location, character and use of UGBS. It also means working to transform the system so that the components function together. To do this, GroundsWell will mix co-development of new theoretical frameworks, novel data science including simulation, health economics and policy analysis, but at its heart will be community engagement and partnership. We will develop and use meaningful community engagement, co-production and citizen science to understand the system, identify how and where it is broken, and co-create solutions. We anticipate interventions aimed at how the UGBS system operates, and small-scale interventions around actual spaces and their use.Data play an important part in understanding systems. GroundsWell will develop an accessible, trustworthy and policy-relevant system to collate, collect, house and share data on UGBS across the three cities. These data will be used to help the whole Consortium understand the UGBS there, identify possible interventions, and then assess whether they work, for whom and why, creating feedback loops to help us continually monitor, learn and adapt what we do. Novel simulation approaches will also be used to suggest interventions, and in particular what could be effective beyond the three cities. Health economics will suggest what would be best value for money. An important part of putting actions and solutions in place is understanding if they work (or not). Evaluation of our actions and the Consortium as a whole will be undertaken in partnership with our communities, drawing on the new data system we establish, and enabling them to directly see whether and how the process has benefited them. In particular, we will assess and share our impacts on health inequalities. We are realistic about the likely scale of our impacts. Small actions within existing UGBS and local communities are unlikely to affect population level health and inequalities within our funded period. That is why we are going to focus on improving the UGBS system as a whole, laying foundations for long-term benefits. We know that the use and enjoyment of UGBS is something that adults pass on to their children. If GroundsWell can improve and equalise the role of UGBS, it will achieve a lasting impact.