Beyond experiments: scaling transformative, sustainable business models in the UK

这项雄心勃勃的奖学金将探索五种可持续商业模式（SBM）的升级，这可能会改变英国经济的关键部门。该项目提供了一个重要的概念性贡献-通过一种新颖的综合，将商业模式文献与科学、技术和创新政策领域联系起来，将促进人们对公共政策如何支持新兴商业模式传播的理解。通过与行业合作伙伴的借调和与政策制定者的广泛接触，这个独特的项目将为英国创新政策的设计提供直接和可转移的见解，以实现更可持续的经济。该项目专注于五个核心领域：能源：能源即服务传统的能源供应商业模式激励石油、天然气和电力等能源商品的销售增长。这正在导致资源枯竭和气候变化。能源即服务模式提供有用的终端服务，如供热、制冷或照明，将激励转移到供应商，以最大限度地提高能源转换系统的效率并减少能源需求。运输：传统的个人出行模式依赖于私人车辆所有权，汽车制造商对燃油效率的激励有限。由于汽车的平均寿命为90%，人们还担心用电动汽车（EV）取代全球内燃机车队将对稀土矿物产生不可持续的需求。移动即服务模式允许通过汽车俱乐部共享车辆，通常在数字平台上进行管理。这些模式可以显著降低汽车拥有需求，并进一步激励供应商最大限度地提高效率和电动汽车的采用。食品与农业：再生农业在20世纪占据主导地位的全球化农业商业模式依赖于合成肥料、农药、淡水和长期供应链的大量投入。越来越明显的是，这导致了土壤健康和生物多样性的崩溃，正在推动气候变化，对农业社区来说是一笔不好的交易。再生农业方法试图扭转这一趋势，重点是土壤健康，增加生物多样性，水道管理和有机方法来控制害虫和封闭的养分循环。其中许多模式还试图缩短供应链，并利用“从农场到餐桌”的零售战略，在生产者和消费者之间建立直接关系。财务：现代金融服务业的特点是非常大的机构，他们的大部分收入来自复杂的交易和衍生品市场。有人认为，这些机构对“真实的经济”中的小型创新组织支持不足，反而推动了资产价格通胀。此外，很大一部分储蓄是以“棕色”资产类别持有的，储户对自己的钱投资在哪里几乎没有控制权。基于投资的众筹模式寻求在小规模投资者和他们认为对社会或环境有益的企业或项目之间建立直接关系。住房：社区土地信托（CLT）基于投机性私人开发的传统房屋建筑模式无法提供负担得起的住房，也无法满足当地社区的需求。CLT不是为了盈利，社区组织试图通过将房地产价格与土地价值脱钩来颠覆这种模式。在这种情况下，土地或现有财产由社区土地交易公司以低于市场价格购买，住房是以负担得起的所有权或永久租金提供的。这些模式通常还涉及社区或共同所有权，以及直接的民主治理，通常与可持续建筑实践相关

This ambitious fellowship will explore the upscaling of five sustainable business models (SBMs), which could transform key sectors of the UK economy. Providing a major conceptual contribution - bridging business models (BM) literature with the science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy field, through a novel synthesis, the project will advance understanding as to how public policy can support diffusion of emerging SBMs. Through secondments with industry partners and extensive engagement with policymakers, this unique project will provide direct and transferable insights for the design of UK innovation policy towards a more sustainable economy. The project is focussed on five core sectors:Energy: Energy as a Service Traditional energy supply business models incentivise increased sales of energy commodities such as oil, gas and electricity. This is driving resource depletion and climate change. Energy as a Service models instead provide the useful end service such as heat, cooling, or illumination, shifting the incentives to suppliers to maximise the efficiency of the energy conversion systems and reduce energy demand. Transport: Mobility as a Service Traditional personal mobility models rely on private vehicle ownership, with vehicle manufacturers having limited incentives for fuel efficiency. With the average car parked for 90% of its lifetime, there are also concerns that replacing the global internal combustion engine fleet with electric vehicles (EV) will create an unsustainable demand for rare earth minerals. Mobility as a Service models instead allow shared access to vehicles through car clubs, often managed on digital platforms. These models could significantly reduce the need for car ownership, and further incentivise providers to maximise efficiency and EV adoption.Food & Farming: Regenerative Agriculture The globalised agri-business model that became dominant in the 20th century relies on the significant input of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides, freshwater and long supply chains. It is increasingly evident this is resulting in a collapse in soil health, biodiversity, are driving climate change, and represents a poor deal for farming communities. Regenerative Agriculture approaches seek to reverse this trend with a focus on soil health, increasing biodiversity, watercourse management and organic approaches to pest control and closed nutrient cycles. Many of these models also attempt to shorten supply chains and develop direct relationships between producers and customers, using 'farm to table' retail strategies. Finance: Investment Based Crowdfunding The modern financial services industry is characterised by very large institutions who earn most of their revenues from complex trading and derivatives markets. It is argued these institutions are insufficiently supporting small innovative organisations in the "real economy", and instead are driving asset price inflation. In addition, a large share of savings are held in "brown" asset classes, with savers having little or no control as to where their money is invested. Investment Based Crowdfunding models seek to create a direct relationship between small scale investors and businesses or projects they deem socially or environmentally beneficial. Housing: Community Land Trusts (CLT)The traditional housebuilding model, based on speculative private development is failing to deliver affordable housing and meet the needs of local communities. CLTs are not for profit, community organizations who seek to upend this model, by decoupling property prices from land values. Here, land or existing property is purchased by CLTs at below market rates and housing is provided for affordable ownership or rent in perpetuity. These models also often involve community or mutual ownership, and direct democratic governance and are typically associated sustainable building practices