TRADITONAL HEALING CARE IN HIV/AIDS IN RURAL ZIMBABWE

津巴布韦农村地区艾滋病毒/艾滋病的传统治疗护理

• 批准号: 6211599
• 负责人: TONYA Nicole TAYLOR
• 金额: $ 3.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-30 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6211599
• 关键词: AIDS therapy; Africa; HIV infections; alternative medicine; belief; clinical research; field study; folk medicine; human subject; human therapy evaluation; rural area; sociology /anthropology

This study examines in the use of traditional heating in the care and treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS, and the rituatju:ed management of the emotional, psychological and spiritual effects of HIV infection. In particular, this dissertation research seeks to understand, through an examination of traditional heating in Shona society, how the purposeful enhancement of the therapeutic process with highly charged symbols and ritualized communication transforms the embodied experience of HIV infection and the cultural performance of dying. Given that traditional healers provide the majority of care and treatment for HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe, how they represent HIV within therapeutic consultations directly affects personal meanings and interpretations of the embodied experience of HIV infection. Therefore, it is important to consider how understanding the socially and culturally constructed causality of disease that transforms the meaning of illness. This question will be explored through a textual analysis of the performance of the Shona therapeutic process. The following propositions will be examined: (1) The ritual language of traditional healing will reveal a) the psychological and social dimensions of health and healing, b) the integration of the body, mind and spirit in the experience of illness, and c) the configuration of the person, self and society through therapeutic language; (2) The ritual language of traditional healing performatively reconfigure the interpretations and meaning of HIV infection today by using cultural beliefs about disease and dying inherited from a circumscribed past; (3) Through ritual language, traditional heaters, their assistants, and patients create a holistic understanding of the misfortune of HIV infection that affect the subjective meaning and everyday lived experience of HIV infection for the afflicted: Data will include the following six components: (1) a preliminary rapid health assessment; (2) an ethnographic study of all the performances of healing (healer, patient and interpreter) within the Shona therapeutic process; (3) post- performance evaluation; (4) retrospective illness narrative; (5) longitudinal examination of therapeutic outcome; and (6) volunteered HIV testing. The research design involves three group comparisons. The primary comparison will be between the spirit mediums (Group 1) and the diviners (Group 2) to assess the ethnomedical explanatory models of HIV infection and identify the different performative strategies employed by each diagnostic modality. The second level of comparison will be between the traditional care group (Group 3) and the biomedical care group (group 4) to explore the effects of ritual healing on the quality of life with HIV infection. The third level of comparison is between the spirit mediums' interpreters (Group 5), diviners (Group 2) and spirit mediums (Group 1) to determine how the reported speech of the ancestors is adjusted or altered the process of translation.

这项研究考察了传统加热在艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者护理和治疗中的使用，以及对艾滋病毒感染的情感、心理和精神影响的礼仪管理。特别是，本文的研究试图通过对肖纳社会传统加热的考察，理解有目的地加强高度带电的符号和仪式化交流的治疗过程是如何改变艾滋病毒感染的具体化经验和死亡的文化表现的。鉴于传统治疗师为津巴布韦农村地区的艾滋病毒感染提供了大部分护理和治疗，他们如何在治疗咨询中代表艾滋病毒，直接影响到个人对艾滋病毒感染具体经验的理解和解释。因此，重要的是要考虑如何理解疾病的社会和文化构建的因果关系，这种因果关系改变了疾病的含义。这个问题将通过对Shona治疗过程的性能的文本分析来探讨。将考察以下命题：(1)传统治疗的仪式语言将揭示a)健康和治疗的心理和社会层面，b)身体、心灵和精神在疾病经历中的整合，以及c)通过治疗语言的人、自我和社会的配置；(2)传统治疗的仪式语言通过使用从受限的过去继承的关于疾病和死亡的文化信仰，以表演的方式重新配置今天对艾滋病毒感染的解释和意义；(3)通过仪式语言，传统加热者、他们的助手和患者对艾滋病毒感染的不幸创造了一个整体的理解，这些不幸影响了受影响的人的艾滋病毒感染的主观意义和日常生活体验：数据将包括以下六个部分：(1)初步的快速健康评估；(2)对Shona治疗过程中的所有愈合表现(治疗者、患者和翻译)的人种学研究；(3)绩效后评估；(4)回顾疾病叙述；(5)治疗结果的纵向检查；(6)自愿的艾滋病毒检测。研究设计包括三组比较。主要的比较将是灵媒(第1组)和占卜者(第2组)，以评估艾滋病毒感染的民族医学解释模型，并确定每种诊断模式所采用的不同操作策略。第二个层次的比较将在传统护理组(组3)和生物医学护理组(组4)之间进行，以探讨仪式治疗对艾滋病毒感染患者生活质量的影响。第三个层面的比较是灵媒的口译员(组5)、占卜师(组2)和灵媒(组1)之间的比较，以确定祖先报告的言语是如何调整或改变翻译过程的。