THE USE OF PERSPECTIVE DURING REFERENTIAL COMMUNICATION

这项研究计划的目的是确定会话参与者在参照交际过程中能够多容易地利用关于其共同参与者的观点的信息。将进行三组实验，以确定1)对话者在涉及真实物体时产生和利用凝视和身体方位信息的程度，2)对话参与者适应中立和其他中心视角(忽略他们自己的自我中心视角)的容易程度，取决于视角转换的频率和特定视角保持的时间长度，以及3)在共同立场下促成共同视角的经验对参照口译的影响程度，与非对话环境中的口译形成对比。参与者将被安排在参考沟通任务中，有时是与邦联发言者。他们的行为将通过(头戴式目测设备，将凝视叠加在场景记录上，并被时间锁定到所记录的语言行为)来监控。参照物制作和口译的时间进程将通过计算参与者观看和接触参照物的时间来衡量。这些研究将使用歧义点处理，根据是否考虑到有关视角的信息，改变所指表达中明确所指对象的可识别点。

The objectives of this research proposal are to determine how easily conversational participants are able to make use of information about their co-participants' perspectives during referential communication. Three groups of experiments will be run to determine 1) the extent to which interlocutors produce and make use of gaze and body orientation information during reference to real objects, 2) the ease with which conversational participants can adapt to neutral and other-centered perspectives (ignoring their own egocentric perspective) depending on the frequency with which perspectives are shifted and the length of time with which a particular perspective is maintained, and 3) the extent to which the experience of contributing to a joint perspective in common ground affects reference interpretation in ways that contrast with interpretation in non-conversational settings. Participants will be placed in referential communication tasks, sometimes with confederate speakers. Their behavior will be monitored with (head-mounted eyetracking equipment that superimposes fixations on a scene recording and is time- locked to the recorded linguistic behavior]. The time course of reference production and interpretation will be measured by calculating the time it takes participants to look at and reach for referents. The studies will use point-of-disambiguation manipulations, varying the point in the referring expression at which an unambiguous referent is identifiable depending on whether or not information about perspective is being taken into account.