EYES AS A WINDOW ON EFFERENT COPY IN MOTOR CONTROL

眼睛作为运动控制中传出副本的窗口

• 批准号: 6298698
• 负责人: OPHER DONCHIN
• 金额: $ 3.09万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-30 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6298698
• 关键词: arm; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; efferent nerve; expectancy; eye movements; human subject; learning; limb movement; proprioception /kinesthesia; psychomotor function; visual feedback

There is evidence suggesting that the oculomotor system has privileged access to the neural processes driving hand movements. While the nature of this privileged access is an interesting object of study in its own right, this research will seek to exploit it in order to deepen our understanding of the processes of motor learning. That is, eye movements will be used to indicate the subjects' expectations regarding the results of their hand movements, thus allowing a disassociation between motor performance and intention. In order to allow the eye movements to be used in this way, it will be necessary to separate effects of visual and proprioceptive feedback from those reflecting control signals (i.e., efferent copy). This can be done by application of computational models, for example Kalman filters, and through manipulation of visual and proprioceptive feedback. Our preliminary results show that in such conditions, eye movements appear to measurably reflect efferent copy of motor commands to the arm. These preliminary results will be fleshed out and expanded, as the success of the project depends on developing a paradigm in which effects of learning of arm movements can be reliably demonstrated movements of the eyes. Once such a paradigm is developed, research will focus on the time course of motor learning. Previous work in the laboratory shows that motor learning involves developing both a forward model (for predicting behavior of the hand and performing feedback control) and an inverse model (used for open-loop control). However, an open and important question is how these two models influence each other and to what degree they are learned simultaneously or sequentially. In order to resolve this question, we will use eye-movements as a proxy to indicate adaptation of the forward model of arm movements.

有证据表明，动眼肌系统有特权进入驱动手部运动的神经过程。虽然这种特权访问的性质本身就是一个有趣的研究对象，但本研究将寻求利用它来加深我们对运动学习过程的理解。也就是说，眼球运动将被用来指示受试者对其手部运动结果的期望，从而允许运动表现和意图之间的分离。为了使眼球运动能够以这种方式使用，有必要将视觉和本体感觉反馈的效果与反映控制信号的效果（即传出拷贝）分开。这可以通过应用计算模型，例如卡尔曼滤波，以及通过操纵视觉和本体感觉反馈来实现。我们的初步结果表明，在这种情况下，眼球运动似乎可以测量地反映运动命令对手臂的传出拷贝。这些初步结果将被充实和扩展，因为项目的成功取决于开发一个范例，在这个范例中，学习手臂运动的效果可以可靠地证明眼睛的运动。一旦这种范式被开发出来，研究将集中在运动学习的时间过程上。先前在实验室的工作表明，运动学习包括发展一个正向模型（用于预测手的行为和执行反馈控制）和一个逆模型（用于开环控制）。然而，一个开放而重要的问题是，这两种模式是如何相互影响的，以及它们在多大程度上是同时或依次学习的。为了解决这个问题，我们将使用眼动作为代理来指示手臂运动的前向模型的适应。