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AVIAN SAME/DIFFERENT CONCEPT LEARNING AND PERCEPTION

鸟类相同/不同概念的学习和感知

基本信息

批准号：
6185364
负责人：
AARON Paul BLAISDELL
金额：
$ 3.24万
依托单位：
TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-08-01 至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6185364
关键词：
attention behavioral /social science research tag concept ethology form /pattern perception information theory judgment learning neural information processing paired stimuli pigeons sensory discrimination visual perception visual stimulus

项目摘要

The general aim of this proposal is to shed light on higher-order avian cognition, e.g., conceptual behavior and relational learning. The studies use same-different (S/D) discriminations to explore how pigeons extract categorical information from photographs of real objects and learn abstract relations. The first series of studies will present pictures of objects from the same or different views. If pigeons recognize the same object across sets of non-identical pictures, then object discrimination should proceed faster than view discrimination. The second series will employ the S/D alternation procedure in which pictures A and B (that are identical except for one change, e.g., omission of an object) are serially alternated with a brief interval between each picture. The ease with which subjects detect a difference will tell us how much attention is allocated to images of objects and how early in perception they are processed. The third series will train Ss to discriminate between two pairs of pictures in which each pair shares the same (AA versus CC; or AB versus CD) or different (AA versus CD) relation with each other. Though Premack has argued that only humans and language trained chimpanzees can make abstract S/D judgements, it is important to test this claim with a non-primate, non-symbol using species (e.g., the pigeon). A greater understanding of conceptual and relational learning in animals will increase our understanding of higher-order human cognition, contribute to the detection and development of treatments of cognitive disorders and facilitate ecologically valid educational practices.

该提案的总体目标是阐明高阶鸟类认知，例如概念行为和关系学习。这些研究使用同异（S/D）辨别来探索鸽子如何从真实物体的照片中提取分类信息并学习抽象关系。第一系列研究将从相同或不同的角度呈现物体的图片。如果鸽子在不同的图片中识别出相同的物体，那么物体辨别应该比视图辨别进行得更快。第二个系列将采用 S/D 交替程序，其中图片 A 和 B（除了一个变化之外，完全相同，例如，省略了一个对象）连续交替，每张图片之间有短暂的间隔。受试者检测到差异的难易程度将告诉我们有多少注意力被分配到物体的图像上，以及它们在感知过程中被处理的时间有多早。第三个系列将训练 Ss 区分两对图片，其中每对图片之间具有相同（AA 与 CC；或 AB 与 CD）或不同（AA 与 CD）关系。尽管普雷马克认为只有人类和受过语言训练的黑猩猩才能做出抽象的 S/D 判断，但用非灵长类、非符号使用的物种（例如鸽子）来检验这一说法很重要。对动物概念学习和关系学习的更好理解将增加我们对人类高阶认知的理解，有助于认知障碍治疗的发现和开发，并促进生态上有效的教育实践。