PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL AND OVARIAN (PLCO) CANCER

前列腺癌、肺癌、结肠癌-直肠癌和卵巢癌筛查试验 旨在确定60-74岁的入院年龄筛查对象是否： A.在女性和男性中(1)使用柔性乙状结肠镜进行筛查(60 CM乙状结肠镜)可以降低结直肠癌的死亡率；以及，(2) 胸部X光检查可以降低肺癌的死亡率。 B.男性(1)直肠指检加血清筛查 前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)可降低前列腺癌的死亡率 癌症； C.在女性中(1)通过盆腔检查加CA125和 经阴道超声可以降低卵巢癌的死亡率； 次要目标是： (1)评估除死亡率以外的每个筛查变量 干预措施包括敏感度、特异度和阳性预测值 (2)评估癌症的发病率、分期和生存经验 病例和(3)探讨生物因素对死亡率的预测价值 和/或作为中间体的肿瘤组织的预后特征 终端。 该承包商将招募并随机进行筛选或控制 两万名性别均衡的受试者。筛查将每年进行一次 四年，只是乙状结肠镜检查只会在最初阶段进行 最后一幕。受试者从进入后将被跟踪十年。一个 共有14.8万名受试者将由10名参赛者招募 放映中心。该试验还包括数据管理和 协调中心和血液化验实验室。

The Prostate, Lung, Colon-rectum and Ovary Cancer Screening Trial is designed to determine in screenees aged 60-74 years at entry whether: a. In females and males (1) screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy (60 cm sigmoidoscope) can reduce mortality from colo-rectal cancer; and, (2) screening with chest x-ray can reduce mortality from lung cancer. b.In males (1) screening with digital rectal examination plus serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can reduce mortality from prostate cancer; c. In females (1) screening with pelvic examination plus CA 125 and transvaginal ultrasound can reduce mortality from ovarian cancer; The secondary objectives are: (1) to assess screening variables other than mortality for each of the interventions including sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value; (2) to assess incidence, stage, and survival experience of cancer cases and (3) to investigate the mortality predictive value of biologic and or prognostic characterizations of tumor tissue as intermediate endpoints. This contractor will recruit and randomize to screening or control 20,000 subjects in equal gender balance. Screening will be annual for four years, except that sigmoidoscopy will be done only in the initial and last screen. Subjects will be followed for ten years from entry. A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays.