THE RIO HONDO DUI COURT EXPERIMENT

在美国38.7%的交通事故死亡中，酒精是一个重要因素（NHTSA, 1998）。这些死亡人数中不成比例的一部分是由以前被定罪为酒后驾车的司机造成的（Fell， 1990年）。除了他们造成的事故风险外，酒后驾车违规者未来酒后驾车的风险很高。在加州，大约35%的酒驾被定罪的司机是在过去7年内被判酒驾的（Peck et al., 1994）。通常，这些多次酒驾违法者被发现有酒精依赖或滥用障碍（Nochajski等，1994）。这些事实突出了制定刑事司法干预措施的重要性，将酗酒和酒精滥用作为减少酒后驾车累犯的战略。在刑事司法环境中，越来越多的人乐观地认为，流行的毒品法庭模式可以有效地适用于酒后驾车累犯。这种模式结合了药物滥用治疗的评估和快速进入，以及法院对戒断和治疗依从性的监督。1998年，许多刑事司法组织发表了一份共识声明，呼吁制定一项促进酒后驾车法庭的国家战略（研究所，1999年），司法部目前正在提供资金支持这类法庭的发展。然而，目前还没有关于酒驾法庭的严格研究。因此，兰德公司和洛杉矶b里约热内卢Hondo市法院建议以b里约热内卢Hondo毒品法院为蓝本，对酒驾法庭进行实验性评估。具体来说，330名酒后驾车惯犯将被随机分配到酒后驾车法庭或进行常规处罚。此外，在分配到条件、犯罪、驾驶和其他官方记录之前和两年后进行的参与者访谈将用于评估酒后驾车法庭是否与以下因素有关：1)在随访中最低的逮捕率；2)酒驾事故最少；3)自述的虐待性饮酒模式较少；4)从刑事司法制度的角度来看，更有利的成本效益比。由于全国各地的司法管辖区都在考虑实施酒驾法院，因此明确而迫切地需要有关其有效性的信息。计划中的评价是对这一需要的及时和严格的反应。

Alcohol is a contributing factor in 38.7 percent of U.S. traffic fatalities (NHTSA, 1998). A disproportionate number of these fatalities are caused by drivers previously convicted of driving under the influence (DUI) of intoxicants (Fell, 1990). In addition to the accident risk they pose, DUI offenders are at high risk for future DUI offenses. In California, approximately 35 percent of all DUI convictions are for drivers convicted of DUI within the past 7 years (Peck et al., 1994). Typically, these multiple DUI offenders are found to have alcohol dependence or abuse disorders (Nochajski et al., 1994). These facts highlight the importance of developing criminal justice interventions that address alcoholism and alcohol abuse as a strategy for reducing DUI recidivism. Within criminal justice settings there is a growing optimism that the popular drug court model can be effectively adapted for use with DUI recidivists. This model combines assessment and rapid entry into substance abuse treatment, with court supervision of abstinence and treatment compliance. A consensus statement from many criminal justice organizations calling for a national strategy to promote DUI Courts was issued in 1998 (The Institute, 1999), and the Department of Justice is now offering funds to support the development of such courts. However, no rigorous studies of DUI courts are yet available. Therefore, RAND and the Rio Hondo Municipal Court of Los Angeles propose to conduct an experimental evaluation of a DUI Court modeled on the Rio Hondo Drug Court. Specifically, 330 repeat DUI offenders will be randomly assigned to DUI Court or routine sanctions. In addition to participant interviews conducted before and two years after assignment to condition, criminal, driving, and other official records will be used to evaluate whether DUI Court is associated with: 1) The lowest rates of arrest at follow-up; 2) The fewest incidents of intoxicated driving; 3) Self-reports of less abusive drinking patters; and 4) A more advantageous cost-benefit ratio from the standpoint of the criminal justice system. With jurisdictions across the county considering implementation of DUI Courts, there is a clear and immediate need for information on their effectiveness. The planned evaluation represents a timely and rigorous response to this need.