TOWARDS AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF RECRUITMENT IN MARINE BENTHIC ORGANISMS

海洋底栖生物补充的综合理论

• 批准号: NE/H006702/1
• 负责人: Stuart Jenkins
• 金额: $ 43.7万
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH006702%2F1
• 关键词: TOWARDS; INTEGRATIVE; THEORY; RECRUITMENT; MARINE

For several decades, ecologists have documented the distribution and abundance of organisms that are attributed to variation in mortality, fecundity and migration. Such basic understanding of the abundance and distribution of organisms in nature (their 'population dynamics') is fundamental for conservation and to manage stocks of exploited species. One aspect which is gaining increasing recognition is the importance of early life history stages in determining population dynamics of species in a whole range of habitats. Eco-physiological investigations carried out during recent years have shown that juvenile/adult patterns can in part be determined by environmental experience of early life history stages. In the marine environment consideration of the effects of the environment on early life stages is complicated because for many organisms the early life stages (larvae) occupy a different environment from the adults. In many marine invertebrates including commercially fished species such as lobsters, crabs and scallops the adults live on the sea bed (they are described as benthic) while the larvae live in the planktonic pelagic environment. During this planktonic period larvae may disperse away from the parental habitat. However at some point it is necessary that larvae find a suitable habitat to settle and recruit to the adult benthic lifestyle. This life history pattern means that adult reproduction and the recruitment of young stages is often decoupled and hence understanding the population dynamics of these organisms is especially challenging. Over the past two decades ecologists have built models to understand population dynamics of marine benthic invertebrates based on variations in larval settlement rate in combination with post-settlement processes. These models are based only on the number of organisms (e.g number of settling larvae) without considering whether some larvae are better than others (i.e. their quality). In the pelagic planktonic environment a whole range of environmental factors may affect the 'quality' of larvae. Sub-optimal food, salinity, temperature or sub-lethal pollution exposure, experienced during the larval phase, can affect the survival of juvenile stages through effects on larval quality. The extent to which larval quality modifies the relationship between number of larval settlers and juvenile/adult abundance is not known. The present project addresses this issue using intertidal barnacles as model species. The project will investigate natural variation in larval quality over the west coast of Scotland in areas of high and low coastal productivity. This observational programme will determine the magnitude of differences in larval quality at settlement. In parallel to these observations we will perform field experiments, using larvae reared in the laboratory, to determine how differences in larval quality affect models relating number of settlers to number of adults. By combining larval quality with consideration of larval numbers we expect to produce more accurate models to understand population dynamics. In the face of global change a general theory of mechanisms affecting recruitment of marine organisms to adult populations is required to enable appropriate management of natural resources. The fact that failures of recruitment in exploited populations are usually followed by population breakdowns suggests that larval processes play a central role in population maintenance. However, the understanding of this critical larval phase and its interaction with post settlement process in exploited and non-exploited species is still limited. The proposed project is an important step toward integrating two separate fields of study to aid management of marine populations.

几十年来，生态学家记录了由于死亡率、繁殖力和迁徙的差异而导致的生物体的分布和丰富程度。对自然界中有机体的丰度和分布(它们的“种群动态”)的这种基本了解对于保护和管理被开发物种的种群是基本的。正在得到越来越多承认的一个方面是，早期生活史阶段在确定整个生境范围内物种的种群动态方面的重要性。近年来进行的生态生理学研究表明，幼虫/成虫的模式在一定程度上可以由早期生活史阶段的环境经验决定。在海洋环境中，考虑环境对早期生命阶段的影响是复杂的，因为对于许多生物来说，早期生命阶段(幼虫)所处的环境与成体不同。在许多海洋无脊椎动物中，包括商业捕捞物种，如龙虾、螃蟹和扇贝，成体生活在海底(它们被描述为底栖动物)，而幼虫生活在浮游的远洋环境中。在这一浮游期，幼虫可能会离开亲代栖息地。然而，在某些时候，幼虫有必要找到合适的栖息地定居并招募到成虫的底栖生物生活方式。这种生活史模式意味着，成虫繁殖和幼虫招募阶段往往是脱钩的，因此了解这些生物的种群动态特别具有挑战性。在过去的二十年里，生态学家建立了模型，以了解海洋底栖无脊椎动物的种群动态，其基础是幼虫定居速度的变化，以及定居后的过程。这些模型仅基于生物体的数量(例如定居幼虫的数量)，而没有考虑某些幼虫是否比其他幼虫更好(即它们的质量)。在远洋浮游环境中，一系列环境因素可能会影响幼虫的“质量”。在幼虫阶段经历的次佳食物、盐度、温度或亚致死污染暴露，可以通过影响幼虫质量来影响幼虫阶段的存活。幼虫质量在多大程度上改变了幼虫迁徙数量与幼虫/成虫丰度之间的关系尚不清楚。本项目使用潮间带藤壶作为模式物种来解决这一问题。该项目将调查苏格兰西海岸沿海生产力高和低地区幼虫质量的自然变异。这一观测方案将确定定居时幼虫质量差异的大小。在这些观察的同时，我们将使用在实验室饲养的幼虫进行现场实验，以确定幼虫质量的差异如何影响定居者数量与成虫数量的模型。通过结合幼虫质量和幼虫数量的考虑，我们期望产生更准确的模型来理解种群动态。面对全球变化，需要关于影响向成年人口招募海洋生物的机制的一般理论，以便能够适当地管理自然资源。在被剥削的种群中招募失败之后通常会出现种群分解这一事实表明，幼虫过程在种群维持中发挥着核心作用。然而，对这一关键的幼虫阶段及其与已开发和未开发物种的定居后过程的相互作用的了解仍然有限。拟议的项目是朝着整合两个独立的研究领域以帮助管理海洋种群迈出的重要一步。

项目成果

Persistent and context-dependent effects of the larval feeding environment on post-metamorphic performance through the adult stage

幼虫摄食环境对成年阶段变态后表现的持续和环境依赖性影响

• DOI: 10.3354/meps11586
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Torres G

Physical and biological controls on larval dispersal and connectivity in a highly energetic shelf sea

高能陆架海中对幼虫扩散和连通性的物理和生物控制

• DOI: 10.4319/lo.2013.58.2.0505
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Robins P

Predicting the dispersal of wild Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) from an existing frontier population - a numerical study

预测野生太平洋牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) 从现有边境种群的扩散 - 一项数值研究

• DOI: 10.3391/ai.2017.12.2.01
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Aquatic Invasions
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Robins P

Scale-dependent natural variation in larval nutritional reserves in a marine invertebrate: implications for recruitment and cross-ecosystem coupling

海洋无脊椎动物幼虫营养储备的规模依赖性自然变化：对补充和跨生态系统耦合的影响

• DOI: 10.3354/meps12081
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Gimenez L

Combining traits and density to model recruitment of sessile organisms.

结合性状和密度来模拟固着生物的招募。

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057849
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Giménez L