Snow-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions over Heterogeneous Landscapes

异质景观上的雪-植被-大气相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
NE/H008187/1
负责人：
Richard Essery
金额：
$ 41.31万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH008187%2F1
关键词：
Snow Vegetation Atmosphere Interactions over

项目摘要

By modifying the amount of solar radiation absorbed at the land surface, bright snow and dark forests have strong influences on weather and climate; either a decrease in snow cover or an increase in forest cover, which shades underlying snow, increases the absorption of radiation and warms the overlying air. Computer models for weather forecasting and climate prediction thus have to take these effects into account by calculating the changing mass of snow on the ground and interactions of radiation with forest canopies. Such models generally have coarse resolutions ranging from kilometres to hundreds of kilometres. Forest cover cannot be expected to be continuous over such large distances; instead, northern landscapes are mosaics of evergreen and deciduous forests, clearings, bogs and lakes. Snow can be removed from open areas by wind, shaded by surrounding vegetation or sublimated from forest canopies without ever reaching the ground, and these processes which influence patterns of snow cover depend on the size of the openings, the structure of the vegetation and weather conditions. Snow itself influences patterns of vegetation cover by supplying water, insulating plants and soil from cold winter temperatures and storing nutrients. The aim of this project is to develop better methods for representing interactions between snow, vegetation and the atmosphere in models that, for practical applications, cannot resolve important scales in the patterns of these interactions. We will gather information on distributions of snow, vegetation and radiation during two field experiments at sites in the arctic: one in Sweden and the other in Finland. These sites have been chosen because they have long records of weather and snow conditions, easy access, good maps of vegetation cover from satellites and aircraft and landscapes ranging from sparse deciduous forests to dense coniferous forests that are typical of much larger areas. Using 28 radiometers, and moving them several times during the course of each experiment, will allow us to measure the highly variable patterns of radiation at the snow surface in forests. Information from the field experiments will be used in developing and testing a range of models. To reach the scales of interest, we will begin with a model that explicitly resolves individual trees and work up through models with progressively coarser resolutions, testing the models at each stage against each other and in comparison with observations. The ultimate objective is a model that will be better able to make use of landscape information in predicting the absorption of radiation at the surface and the accumulation and melt of snow. We will work in close consultation with project partners at climate modelling and forecasting centres to ensure that our activities are directed towards outcomes that will meet their requirements.

通过修改在陆地表面吸收的太阳辐射量，明亮的雪和黑暗森林对天气和气候产生了强烈的影响。雪覆盖的减少或森林覆盖层的增加，造成积雪的阴影，可以增加辐射的吸收并温暖上覆的空气。因此，用于天气预报和气候预测的计算机模型必须通过计算地面上的降雪质量以及辐射与森林檐篷的相互作用来考虑这些效果。这样的模型通常具有从公里到数百公里不等的粗分辨率。不能期望在如此巨大的距离内保持森林覆盖。取而代之的是，北部的景观是常绿和落叶森林，清理，沼泽和湖泊的马赛克。可以通过风从空地上去除雪，被周围的植被遮蔽，也可以从森林檐篷中升起而无需到达地面，而影响雪的模式的这些过程取决于开口的大小，植被的结构和天气状况。雪本身通过向寒冷的冬季温度和储存养分提供水，绝缘植物和土壤来影响植被覆盖的模式。该项目的目的是开发更好的方法来表示模型中的雪，植被和大气之间的相互作用，这些模型对于实际应用，无法解决这些相互作用模式的重要尺度。我们将在两个现场实验中在北极的两个现场实验中收集有关雪，植被和辐射分布的信息：一个在瑞典，另一个在芬兰。之所以选择这些地点，是因为它们具有较长的天气和雪地状况记录，易于进入，卫星，飞机和景观的良好植被覆盖范围从稀疏的落叶林到茂密的针叶林，这些森林是典型的更大地区。在每个实验过程中，使用28个辐射仪，并在每个实验过程中移动几次，将使我们能够测量森林中雪表面上高度可变的辐射模式。来自现场实验的信息将用于开发和测试一系列模型。为了达到感兴趣的尺度，我们将从一个模型开始，该模型明确地分辨了单个树木并通过具有越来越粗体的模型进行工作，从而在每个阶段彼此相反，并与观察值相比，对模型进行了测试。最终目标是一个模型，可以更好地利用景观信息来预测表面的辐射吸收以及积雪的积累和融化。我们将在气候建模和预测中心与项目合作伙伴进行密切协商，以确保我们的活动针对满足其要求的结果。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Effects of needleleaf forest cover on radiation and snowmelt dynamics in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

加拿大落基山脉针叶林覆盖对辐射和融雪动态的影响

DOI：
10.1139/x10-227
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Ellis C
通讯作者：
Ellis C

Assessing ice-cliff backwasting and its contribution to total ablation of debris-covered Miage glacier, Mont Blanc massif, Italy

DOI：
10.3189/2014jog13j045
发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
Journal of Glaciology
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
T. Reid;B. Brock
通讯作者：
T. Reid;B. Brock

Measurements and modelling of snowmelt and turbulent heat fluxes over shrub tundra

灌木苔原上融雪和湍流热通量的测量和建模

DOI：
10.5194/hess-14-1331-2010
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bewley D
通讯作者：
Bewley D

Characterising forest gap fraction with terrestrial lidar and photography: An examination of relative limitations

DOI：
10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.012
发表时间：
2014-06-01
期刊：
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Hancock, Steven;Essery, Richard;Huntley, Brian
通讯作者：
Huntley, Brian

Spatial quantification of leafless canopy structure in a boreal birch forest

DOI：
10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.12.005
发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
T. Reid;Michael S. Spencer;B. Huntley;S. Hancock;R. Essery;J. Carle;R. Holden;R. Baxter;N. Rutter
通讯作者：
T. Reid;Michael S. Spencer;B. Huntley;S. Hancock;R. Essery;J. Carle;R. Holden;R. Baxter;N. Rutter