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Pan-Arctic Acoustic Archives: Quantifying zooplankton behaviours in a changing Arctic

泛北极声学档案：量化不断变化的北极中的浮游动物行为

基本信息

批准号：
NE/H012524/1
负责人：
Finlo Cottier
金额：
$ 7.98万
依托单位：
Scottish Association For Marine Science
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH012524%2F1
关键词：
Pan Arctic Acoustic Archives Quantifying

项目摘要

The Arctic is changing rapidly. One of the clearest changes is a reduction in the extent and thickness of summer sea ice. The loss of ice is predicted to increase in the coming years as a consequence of climatic warming. There may be no summer sea ice in the Arctic by 2030. Critically, the ice acts as a shade to sunlight and as it retreats it exposes open water to illumination causing a rapid increase in the growth of marine plants (phytoplankton). These plants use up carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and are therefore an important component of Earth's climate system. Once formed, the phytoplankton become food for herbivorous zooplankton who are able to transport this source of carbon to deeper waters where it is excreted and buried in the sediments. This process, called the 'biological pump', transfers carbon from the atmosphere and locks it away. It is important that we understand the relationships between ice, phytoplankton, zooplankton and carbon and these relationships can be simulated in models of biogeochemical cycles. The critical link in this chain is the herbivorous zooplankton. They have a particular behaviour called 'diel vertical migration' (DVM) which is a prominent feature of many marine ecosystems. The animals move quickly tens to hundreds of meters vertically around dawn and dusk in migrations that comprise the most massive periodic shifts in biomass on Earth. The classical view is that DVM occurs as a trade off by individuals between food acquisition and predator avoidance. Zooplankton move upwards to feed at night into the nearsurface where primary production occurs. Here, under the cover of darkness, the risk from visual predators is minimised. This upward/downward migration redistributes carbon fixed by photosynthesis near the surface to deeper waters, and may remove larger quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere than would otherwise be the case, reducing the rate of CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere. Studying zooplankton in the Arctic year round is difficult because of access and ice cover. One successful technique for recording DVM behaviour uses an instrument called an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Many ADCPs have been deployed in the Arctic over the last decade to measure currents but the acoustic signals also record zooplankton migrations. Usually these data are only analysed to understand the ocean currents within the localised region where the instrument was deployed. We are at a critical time in Arctic research where we must take a wider, 'pan-Arctic' view of marine processes. We propose to work with international groups to collate, process and archive the ADCP data, creating a unique resource for studying DVM. The regular, rhythmic behaviour means that we can use numerical techniques (circadian rhythm analysis) to quantify how strong and regular the migration behaviour is and relate this to the biological communities that are present, the level of illumination and the amount of sea ice cover. We will use this knowledge to improve models of how zooplankton transport carbon, through their faecal material, to depth. Understanding zooplankton DVM is important for many reasons. Quantifying DVM behaviour will allow us to improve our ability to predict how changes in sea ice might alter changes in the way carbon is captured and stored in the productive Arctic seas. It will give us a greater insight into how and why animals undertake such regular migrations and how the timing of these migrations is controlled. By relating the acoustic data with species data we will be able to understand the role of zooplankton in Arctic ecosystems and this is of particular importance if predictions on the effect of plankton-dependent fish species are to be made.

北极正在迅速变化。最明显的变化之一是夏季海冰的范围和厚度减少。由于气候变暖，预计未来几年冰的损失将增加。到2030年，北极可能没有夏季海冰。重要的是，冰作为阳光的阴影，当它撤退时，它将开放的水域暴露在光照下，导致海洋植物（浮游植物）的生长迅速增加。这些植物消耗大气中的二氧化碳（CO2），因此是地球气候系统的重要组成部分。一旦形成，浮游植物成为食草浮游动物的食物，而食草浮游动物能够将这种碳源运输到更深的沃茨，在那里它被排泄并埋在沉积物中。这个过程被称为“生物泵”，它将大气中的碳转移并将其锁定。重要的是，我们要了解冰，浮游植物，浮游动物和碳之间的关系，这些关系可以在地球化学循环模型中模拟。这条链中的关键环节是食草性浮游动物。它们有一种称为“昼夜垂直迁移"的特殊行为，这是许多海洋生态系统的一个突出特征。这些动物在黎明和黄昏时垂直移动数十到数百米，构成了地球上生物量最大的周期性迁移。经典的观点是DVM是个体在食物获取和捕食者回避之间的权衡。浮游动物在夜间向上移动到近地表觅食，在那里进行初级生产。在这里，在黑暗的掩护下，来自视觉捕食者的风险被最小化。这种向上/向下的迁移将地表附近光合作用固定的碳重新分配到更深的沃茨，并可能从大气中去除比其他情况下更大量的CO2，从而降低CO2在大气中的积累速度。在北极全年研究浮游动物是困难的，因为访问和冰覆盖。一种成功的记录DVM行为的技术是使用一种称为声学多普勒海流剖面仪（ADCP）的仪器。在过去的十年里，许多ADCP被部署在北极地区以测量海流，但声学信号也记录了浮游动物的迁徙。通常，这些数据仅用于分析部署仪器的局部区域内的洋流。我们正处于北极研究的关键时期，我们必须对海洋过程采取更广泛的“泛北极”观点。我们建议与国际团体合作，整理，处理和存档ADCP数据，为研究DVM创建一个独特的资源。有规律、有节奏的行为意味着我们可以使用数字技术（昼夜节律分析）来量化迁徙行为的强度和规律，并将其与现有的生物群落、光照水平和海冰覆盖量联系起来。我们将利用这些知识来改进浮游动物如何通过粪便物质向深处运输碳的模型。了解浮游动物DVM是重要的原因有很多。量化DVM行为将使我们能够提高预测海冰变化可能如何改变碳在生产性北极海洋中捕获和储存方式的能力。这将使我们更深入地了解动物如何以及为什么进行这种有规律的迁徙，以及这些迁徙的时间是如何控制的。通过将声学数据与物种数据联系起来，我们将能够了解浮游动物在北极生态系统中的作用，如果要对依赖南极洲的鱼类物种的影响进行预测，这一点尤为重要。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A marine zooplankton community vertically structured by light across diel to interannual timescales.

DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2020.0810
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
Biology letters
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Hobbs L;Banas NS;Cohen JH;Cottier FR;Berge J;Varpe Ø
通讯作者：
Varpe Ø

Pan-Arctic diel vertical migration during the polar night

DOI：
10.3354/meps12753
发表时间：
2018-10-26
期刊：
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Hobbs, L.;Cottier, F. R.;Berge, J.
通讯作者：
Berge, J.

Eat or Sleep: Availability of Winter Prey Explains Mid-Winter and Spring Activity in an Arctic Calanus Population

DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2020.541564
发表时间：
2020-09-25
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hobbs, Laura;Banas, Neil S.;Daase, Malin
通讯作者：
Daase, Malin

Arctic complexity: a case study on diel vertical migration of zooplankton.

DOI：
10.1093/plankt/fbu059
发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
Journal of plankton research
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Berge J;Cottier F;Varpe O;Renaud PE;Falk-Petersen S;Kwasniewski S;Griffiths C;Søreide JE;Johnsen G;Aubert A;Bjærke O;Hovinen J;Jung-Madsen S;Tveit M;Majaneva S
通讯作者：
Majaneva S

Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter