ASSESSMENT OF BIODIVERSITY IN PLEISTOCENE BRITAIN THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE SMALL-SCALE MICROSAMPLING OF VERTEBRATE FOSSIL REMAINS

通过对脊椎动物化石遗迹进行全面小规模微取样评估英国更新世的生物多样性

• 批准号: NE/H015132/1
• 负责人: Michael Buckley
• 金额: $ 37.78万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH015132%2F1
• 关键词: ASSESSMENT; BIODIVERSITY; PLEISTOCENE; BRITAIN; THROUGH

Biodiversity in the recent past has been increasingly affected by the replacement of natural ecosystems with human-dominated ones. In order to better understand past biodiversity and the impact of factors such as climate change, this project aims to provide a small-scale microsampling technique for the thorough identification of fragmented vertebrate remains that could be applied to all future archaeological and palaeontological cave deposits. This project will focus on a single archaeologically-important site, Pin Hole Cave, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire spanning ~40,000 years of human and animal occupation. This is the ideal site for this project because it has had a recent (1980s) highly-detailed small-scale excavation and a previous (1920s) full-scale excavation and is now used as the type-site for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 fauna. The detailed 1980s excavations at Pin Hole Cave, where approximately 18,500 bone finds were spatially-mapped, will be used to assess whether core sampling of archaeological deposits can yield information equivalent to full-scale excavation and, if so, the typical size, number and distribution of core samples necessary to obtain this information. This will ultimately offer a small-scale microsampling technique that could be used on forthcoming site excavations to investigate the biodiversity of Pleistocene Britain with minimal site destruction. To do this I propose to digitise the spatially-mapped finds and then identify all morphologically-unidentifiable bone fragments from 50% of the deposits (~7,500-15,000 bone fragments) from the recent small-scale excavations at Pin Hole Cave. The sampling will be carried out in such a way as to investigate increasingly large sections of deposit and the species information that each section contains. These will be compared directly to the species information obtained from the earlier full-scale excavation to evaluate the potential of small-scale excavations that are comprehensively analysed. Reducing the need for full-scale excavation would minimise site destruction and allow for better preservation of cave assemblages for future research. Such a project has not been possible until the recent introduction of mass spectrometry to sequencing ancient proteins such as collagen. Following the analyses of the Pin Hole Cave material, although this species-specific biomolecule can be routinely extracted from British Middle Pleistocene bone analysis of selected specimens from various British sites from 10,000 to ~1,000,000 years in age will be carried out to confirm the application of the proposed techique to other archaeological sites.

近年来，生物多样性日益受到人类主导的生态系统取代自然生态系统的影响。为了更好地了解过去的生物多样性和气候变化等因素的影响，该项目旨在提供一种小规模的微取样技术，用于彻底识别破碎的脊椎动物遗骸，可应用于未来所有考古和古生物洞穴沉积物。该项目将专注于一个具有重要考古意义的遗址，即德比郡克雷斯韦尔岩的针孔洞，跨越了约40，000年的人类和动物居住。这是该项目的理想地点，因为它最近（20世纪80年代）进行了高度详细的小规模挖掘，之前（20世纪20年代）进行了全面挖掘，现在被用作海洋同位素阶段（MIS）3动物群的典型地点。20世纪80年代在针孔洞进行的详细挖掘，对大约18，500个骨骼发现进行了空间映射，将用于评估考古沉积物的核心采样是否可以产生与全面挖掘相当的信息，如果是这样，则需要获得此信息的核心样本的典型大小，数量和分布。这将最终提供一个小规模的微取样技术，可用于即将进行的现场挖掘，以调查更新世英国的生物多样性与最小的网站破坏。为此，我建议将空间映射的发现数字化，然后从最近在针孔洞进行的小规模挖掘中发现的50%的沉积物（约7，500 - 15，000块骨碎片）中识别出所有形态上无法识别的骨碎片。取样的方式将是调查越来越大的存款部分和每个部分包含的物种信息。这些将直接与从早期全面挖掘中获得的物种信息进行比较，以评估全面分析的小规模挖掘的潜力。减少对全面挖掘的需求将最大限度地减少对遗址的破坏，并为未来的研究更好地保护洞穴组合。直到最近引入质谱法对胶原蛋白等古老蛋白质进行测序，这样的项目才成为可能。在对针孔洞材料进行分析后，尽管这种物种特异性生物分子可以常规地从英国中更新世提取，但仍将对来自英国各个遗址的选定标本进行骨骼分析，这些标本的年龄从10，000年到~ 1，000，000年不等，以确认拟议技术的应用到其他考古遗址。

项目成果

Proteome degradation in ancient bone: Diagenesis and phylogenetic potential

• DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.026
• 发表时间: 2014-12-15
• 期刊: PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Buckley, M.;Wadsworth, C.
• 通讯作者: Wadsworth, C.

Species Identification of Bovine, Ovine and Porcine Type 1 Collagen; Comparing Peptide Mass Fingerprinting and LC-Based Proteomics Methods.

• DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040445
• 发表时间: 2016-03-24
• 期刊: International journal of molecular sciences
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Buckley M

Collagen fingerprinting of archaeological bone and teeth remains from Domuztepe, South Eastern Turkey

• DOI: 10.1007/s12520-011-0066-z
• 发表时间: 2011-09-01
• 期刊: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Buckley, Mike;Kansa, Sarah Whitcher
• 通讯作者: Kansa, Sarah Whitcher

Collagen fingerprinting for the species identification of archaeological amphibian remains

• DOI: 10.1111/bor.12443
• 发表时间: 2020-05-20
• 期刊: BOREAS
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Buckley, Michael;Cheylan, Marc
• 通讯作者: Cheylan, Marc

Species identification of Late Pleistocene bat bones using collagen fingerprinting

• DOI: 10.1002/oa.2818
• 发表时间: 2019-11-11
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1
• 作者: Buckley, Michael;Herman, Jeremy
• 通讯作者: Herman, Jeremy