FUSE: Floodplain Underground SEnsors- A high-density, wireless, underground Sensor Network to quantify floodplain hydro-ecological interactions

FUSE：洪泛区地下传感器 - 高密度、无线、地下传感器网络，用于量化洪泛区水文生态相互作用

• 批准号: NE/I006923/1
• 负责人: David Macdonald
• 金额: $ 9.56万
• 依托单位: British Geological Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI006923%2F1
• 关键词: FUSE; Floodplain; Underground; SEnsors; density

Improved understanding of the functioning of hydrological systems and dependent ecology is essential for optimal environmental management. Floodplains in particular are important due to the ecosystem services they provide. The species composition of floodplain vegetation and their ecosystem functions (e.g. leaf CO2 uptake and transpiration) are very sensitive to the soil hydrological regime, which is highly variable both spatially and temporally. The hydrological regime also affects the temperature and nutrient regime of the root environment, leading to indirect impacts on vegetation. However, the mechanisms controlling these interdependencies are not well established. The proposed project, FUSE, aims to advance this knowledge at a variety of scales. A better understanding of these vulnerable ecosystems will allow improved environmental management, under current and future conditions. A field study is proposed in the Oxford Floodplain (OFP). This study will build upon an existing hydrological monitoring network currently in place in the Oxford Meadows Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The aims will be achieved by a sophisticated combination of environmental data and computer models. This involves state-of-the-art tools: a Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) and related monitoring of environmental variables, as well as high-resolution Earth Observation (EO, i.e. satellite) data. WSNs are a relatively recent application of technology; uptake of this technology by environmental scientists enables continuous monitoring that is both scalable and less intrusive on its surroundings. It is desirable for land-based sensor networks to have few or no above-ground components, for aesthetic and security reasons, as well as to avoid interference with land management practices. Recently, this has led to the introduction of WUSNs where all or at least the majority of the sensing and transmitting components are underground. WUSNs are rare, especially in the UK, and have not been tested long-term in a challenging environment such as the OFP. Reliability and the potential distance of data transmission depend on a number of factors, including the soil type, sensor installation depth, soil moisture content and technological factors. These will be researched extensively in the FUSE project, initially using existing data on the OFP hydrological regime, soils and vegetation height/density. The precise design of the WUSN will be determined with the aid of a geostatistical procedure. FUSE will allow researchers to reliably measure underground spatial variability at hitherto unachievable resolutions of less than a metre. The project will use a mesh of simple wireless sensor nodes previously developed at Imperial College ('Beasties'). These nodes will gather environmental data, and route these to a base-station that transmits to a remote database via GPRS. The low-cost, low-power Beasties have been used extensively in similar, but less challenging environments. The enhanced sensor technology will be entirely transferable. Theoretical tools in FUSE comprise of a simulation model (SCOPE_SUB), that can be used to describe and predict the interaction between the soil (soil moisture content, soil temperature and nutrient status), the vegetation (root water/nutrient uptake, CO2 uptake and transpiration), and the hydrometeorological regime. Furthermore we will use geospatial models to spatially interpolate between measured, modelled and EO data, thereby increasing data-density. EO data will serve to guide the continuous (in time) simulation model predictions. In that way high resolution maps of key soil and vegetation variables can be constructed. Computer Science tools, e.g. a so-called Integrated Development Environment to help environmental scientist to set up and test the WUSN, and a Web portal for quality control, sensor calibration, time series- and geospatial-analysis, parameter estimation and real-time model output, will be developed.

对水文系统和依赖生态功能的提高了解对于最佳环境管理至关重要。由于它们提供的生态系统服务，尤其是洪泛区很重要。洪泛区植被及其生态系统功能的物种组成（例如叶二氧化碳的吸收和蒸腾）对土壤水文状态非常敏感，这在空间和时间上都是高度可变的。水文制度还会影响根环境的温度和养分状态，从而间接影响植被。但是，控制这些相互依赖的机制尚未确定。拟议的项目Fuse旨在以各种规模提高这些知识。在当前和将来的条件下，更好地了解这些脆弱的生态系统将允许改善环境管理。在牛津洪泛区（OFP）提出了一项现场研究。这项研究将基于牛津草地特殊区域（SAC）的现有水文监测网络。目的将通过环境数据和计算机模型的复杂组合来实现。这涉及最新工具：无线地下传感器网络（WUSN）和对环境变量的相关监视，以及高分辨率的地球观测（EO，即卫星）数据。 WSN是技术的相对较新的应用。环境科学家对这项技术的采用实现了持续的监测，既可以扩展又侵入式环境。出于美学和安全原因，陆基传感器网络几乎没有地面组件或没有地上组件，并避免干扰土地管理实践是可以的。最近，这导致引入了WUSN，其中全部或至少大多数传感和传输组件都在地下。 WUSN很少见，尤其是在英国，并且在诸如OFP之类的充满挑战的环境中尚未进行长期测试。可靠性和数据传输的潜在距离取决于许多因素，包括土壤类型，传感器安装深度，土壤水分含量和技术因素。这些将在FUSE项目中进行广泛研究，最初使用OFP水文制度，土壤和植被高度/密度的现有数据。 WUSN的精确设计将借助地统计程序确定。保险丝将使研究人员能够可靠地测量迄今难以实现的分辨率少于一米的地下空间可变性。该项目将使用以前在帝国学院（“野兽”）开发的简单无线传感器节点的网眼。这些节点将收集环境数据，并将这些节点路由到通过GPRS传输到远程数据库的基础站。低成本的低功率野兽已在类似但挑战性较小的环境中广泛使用。增强的传感器技术将完全可以转移。融合中的理论工具包括模拟模型（SCOPE_SUB），可用于描述和预测土壤（土壤水分含量，土壤温度和养分状态）之间的相互作用，植被（根/养分吸收，二氧化碳吸收和蒸汽摄入量）以及水流学制度。此外，我们将使用地理空间模型在测量，建模和EO数据之间进行空间插值，从而增加数据密度。 EO数据将有助于指导连续的（及时）模拟模型预测。这样可以构建主要土壤和植被变量的高分辨率图。计算机科学工具，例如一个所谓的综合开发环境，可帮助环境科学家建立和测试WUSN，以及用于质量控制，传感器校准，时间序列和地理空间分析，参数估计和实时模型输出的Web门户。

项目成果

Water and nitrate exchange between a managed river and peri-urban floodplain aquifer: Quantification and management implications

管理河流与城市周边洪泛区含水层之间的水和硝酸盐交换：量化和管理影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.09.005
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Ecological Engineering
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Macdonald D