Mass Independent Fractionation of Magnesium Isotopes by Bacteria; A New Tool for Searching for Life on Earth and Beyond
细菌对镁同位素的质量独立分馏;
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/I017151/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 6.45万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2011
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2011 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Bacteria represent some of the earliest forms of life and have been present on the Earth for 3.5 billion years. However, they are rarely preserved in the rock record and their presence is often inferred from layered structures in stromatilitic limestones, which are known to be formed by bacterial mats in modern stromatilites. It would be therefore useful to have other tracers of bacterial activity, which do not necessarily rely on the bacteria being preserved in the rock record. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earths crust, and the fourth most abundant species in seawater. As such it is an essential component of life, with pivotal roles in the generation of cellular energy as well as in plant chlorophyll and human dietary functions. Magnesium has three isotopes (with atomic masses of 24, 25 and 26) and inorganic processes that occur in nature produce differences in magnesium isotope ratios that are simply related to their relative atomic masses, such that all terrestrial materials essentially lie of a single line when the ratios of 26Mg/24Mg are plotted against 25Mg/24Mg. This line is known as the terrestrial mass fractionation line. However, recent experiments have discovered that some bacteria prefer to use 25Mg over 24Mg and 26Mg by 2-3 times to make ATP energy in their cells. The net effect of this is that these bacteria become enriched in 25 Mg and should lie above the terrestrial mass fractionation. This fractionation of 25Mg from the other isotopes of magnesium is known as a mass independent fractionation. Critically, this enrichment in 25Mg is a potential smoking gun for past bacterial activity, if it can be preserved in the geological record. Bacteria commonly play a role in inducing carbonate mineral precipitation. Recent experimental work by Pearce (co-I) has demonstrated that some carbonates produced by bacteria do indeed have an enrichment of 25Mg, the first terrestrial material to show a mass independent fractionation of magnesium. However, the material analysed in those initial experiments was probably a mixture of cellular and carbonate precipitate. The aim of this study is to bacterially precipitate carbonates with a wide range of Mg/Ca ratios (similar to those observed on Earth) and to measure the Mg isotope composition of both the bacterial and carbonate material using a new experimental technique developed at the Open University. This will allow us to assess the extent of bacterial uptake of 25Mg and how this signal is transferred to the carbonates. In parallel, we will study some ancient microbial carbonates, in this case well-preserved stromatilites from Scotland, to see if they do indeed record evidence of bacterial activity in their magnesium isotope composition. Finally, we will analyse some carbonates from Martian meteorites to see if they record any signs of bacterial activity on Mars.
细菌是最早的生命形式之一,已经在地球上存在了35亿年。然而,它们很少被保存在岩石记录中,它们的存在通常是从叠层石石灰岩的层状结构中推断出来的,而叠层石石灰岩是由现代叠层石中的细菌垫形成的。因此,有其他细菌活动的示踪剂将是有用的,这些示踪剂不一定依赖于保存在岩石记录中的细菌。镁是地壳中第八丰富的元素,也是海水中第四丰富的元素。因此,它是生命的重要组成部分,在细胞能量的产生以及植物叶绿素和人类饮食功能中起着关键作用。镁有三种同位素(原子质量分别为24、25和26),自然界中发生的无机过程会产生镁同位素比值的差异,这些比值只是与它们的相对原子质量有关,因此当26 Mg/24 Mg与25 Mg/24 Mg的比值绘制时,所有地球上的物质基本上都位于一条直线上。这条线被称为地球质量分馏线。然而,最近的实验发现,一些细菌更喜欢使用25 Mg,而不是24 Mg和26 Mg的2-3倍,以在其细胞中制造ATP能量。这样做的净效果是,这些细菌变得富含25镁,应该高于地球质量分馏。这种25 Mg与其他镁同位素的分馏被称为质量无关分馏。重要的是,这种25镁的富集是过去细菌活动的潜在吸烟枪,如果它可以保存在地质记录中。细菌通常在诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀中起作用。皮尔斯(co-I)最近的实验工作表明,一些细菌产生的碳酸盐确实富集了25 Mg,这是第一个显示镁的质量独立分馏的陆地材料。然而,在这些初始实验中分析的材料可能是细胞和碳酸盐沉淀物的混合物。本研究的目的是细菌沉淀碳酸盐与广泛的Mg/Ca比(类似于地球上观察到的),并使用开放大学开发的新实验技术来测量细菌和碳酸盐材料的Mg同位素组成。这将使我们能够评估细菌摄取25 Mg的程度以及该信号如何转移到碳酸盐。与此同时,我们将研究一些古老的微生物碳酸盐,在这种情况下,保存完好的叠层石来自苏格兰,看看他们是否确实记录了细菌活动的证据在其镁同位素组成。最后,我们将分析火星陨石中的一些碳酸盐,看看它们是否记录了火星上细菌活动的任何迹象。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(2)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Magnesium isotope fractionation during bacterial mediated carbonate precipitation
细菌介导的碳酸盐沉淀过程中的镁同位素分馏
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Ian Parkinson (Author)
- 通讯作者:Ian Parkinson (Author)
Magnesium isotope fractionation in bacterial mediated carbonate precipitation experiments
细菌介导的碳酸盐沉淀实验中的镁同位素分馏
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Ian Parkinson (Author)
- 通讯作者:Ian Parkinson (Author)
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Ian Parkinson其他文献
Ian Parkinson的其他文献
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The Svalbard exemplar of Neoproterozoic glaciation
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$ 6.45万 - 项目类别:
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$ 6.45万 - 项目类别:
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使用耦合放射源和稳定锶同位素量化过去和现在海洋的锶收支
- 批准号:
NE/F01970X/1 - 财政年份:2009
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$ 6.45万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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