CONTINGENCIES OF SELF ESTEEM

自尊(SE)是心理健康的核心方面。然而，研究表明 调查自尊心在心理困扰形式中的作用 抑郁症、药物滥用和饮食失调都没能 证明低SE在疾病发展中的因果作用。 PI建议，除了SE水平外，还应考虑 基于哪些SE I对于SE的功能至关重要， 应激事件中SE的脆弱性，以及脆弱性 心理上的痛苦。拟议的研究将在#年进行 三个阶段：在第一阶段，五项研究将侧重于 高校突发事件应对措施的可靠性和有效性 学生，并探索SE的或有事件作为预期的作用 活动和心理痛苦的预测因子 大学新生。在第二阶段，研究将探索以下方面的影响 SE对SE中几个有争议问题的偶然性 文献：两项使用每日报告方法的研究将探索 SE随时间不稳定的假设共同取决于一个 个体对SE的偶然性以及日常事件与 那些意外情况。三个实验将探索这样的假设 高自尊症个体中的防御性在高自尊症个体中被发现 或有SE，但不是那些具有非或有SE的人；这是否很高 个人在面对威胁时变得防御性取决于 威胁与其东南欧特定意外情况的关联性，以及 患有不同突发事件的人倾向于表现出不同的 防御性的类型。一项相关研究将检验这一假设 科幻小说与人们的客观特征有更强的相关性 如果他们有高度偶然性的SE。在项目的第三阶段，有四个 研究将调查SE偶发事件的作用 在被污名化的群体成员中，自闭症的易感性因素较低。 一项使用每日报告方法的研究将检查少数族裔 大学生自我意识的波动与大学生的经历相一致 偏见，以及SE的这种变异性是否更具 那些具有高度偶然性的SE。第二项研究将使用相关 检验感知到的种族之间是否存在关联的方法 SE的劣势取决于价值的或有值。第三项研究 将考察那些认为自己的自尊每天波动的女性 超重或正常体重，作为SE偶发事件的函数 以及他们所处的社会环境是否将他们对象化。第四个 这项研究将检查男同性恋和女同性恋的自尊的日常波动 学生作为他们的性价值和性偶然性的函数 他们是否试图向其他人隐瞒自己的取向。

Self-esteem (SE) is a central aspect of mental health. Yet, research investigating the role of SE in forms of psychological distress such as depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders has failed to demonstrate a causal role of low SE in the development of disorders. The PI proposes that in addition to level of SE, the contingencies on which SE I based are critically important to the functioning of SE, vulnerability of SE in the face of stressful events, and vulnerability to psychological distress. The proposed research will be conducted in three phases: In phase 1, five studies will focus on the development of reliable and valid measures of contingencies of SE among college students, and exploring the role of contingencies of SE as prospective predictors of the activities and psychological distress experienced by college freshmen. In phase 2, studies will explore the implications of contingencies of SE for several controversial issues in the SE literature: two studies using a daily report methodology will explore the hypothesis that instability of SE across time depends jointly on an individual's contingencies of SE and the relevance of daily events to those contingencies. Three experiments will explore the hypotheses that defensiveness among high SE individuals is found among those with highly contingent SE, but not those with noncontingent SE; that whether high SE individuals become defensive in the face of threat depends on the relevance of the threat to their particular contingencies of SE, and that people with different contingencies of SE tend to show different types of defensiveness. A correlational study will test the hypothesis that SF is more strongly related to people's objective characteristics if they have highly contingent SE. In phase 3 of the project, four studies will investigate the role of contingencies of SE as vulnerability factors fol low SE among members of stigmatized groups. One study using a daily report methodology will examine whether minority college students' Se fluctuates in concert with the experience of prejudice, and whether this variability in SE is more characteristic of those with highly contingent SE. A second study will use correlational methods to examine whether the association between perceived racial disadvantage with SE depends on contingencies of worth. A third study will examine daily fluctuation in the self-esteem of women who feel overweight or normal weight, as a function of their contingencies of SE and whether the social contexts they are in objectify them. A fourth study will examine daily fluctuations in the SE of gay and lesbian students as a function of their sexual contingencies of worth and whether they are attempting to conceal their orientation from others.