CONTINGENCIES OF SELF ESTEEM

自尊（SE）是心理健康的一个重要方面。 然而，研究 调查SE在心理困扰形式中的作用，例如 抑郁症、药物滥用和饮食失调， 证明低SE在疾病发展中的因果作用。 PI建议，除了SE水平外， 基于哪些SE I对SE的功能至关重要， 在面对压力事件时，SE的脆弱性， 精神上的痛苦 拟议的研究将在 三个阶段：在第一阶段，五项研究将侧重于发展 可靠有效的高校安全教育应急措施 学生，并探讨作为前瞻性的SE的偶然性的作用 活动和心理困扰的预测因素， 大学新生 在第二阶段，研究将探讨 SE中几个有争议的问题的SE应急 文献：两项研究采用每日报告方法，将探讨 假设SE随时间的不稳定性共同取决于 个人的突发事件和日常事件的相关性， 这些意外事件。 三个实验将探讨假设， 高SE个体的防御性存在于那些 偶然的SE，但不是那些非偶然的SE;是否高 SE个体在面对威胁时变得具有防御性，这取决于 威胁与其特定的东南应急事件的相关性，以及 具有不同SE偶然性的人倾向于表现出不同的 防御的类型。 相关性研究将检验这一假设 SF与人们的客观特征有更强的相关性， 如果他们有高度偶然的SE。 在项目的第三阶段， 研究将调查SE突发事件的作用， 脆弱性因素遵循低SE的成员之间的污名化群体。 一项采用每日报告方法的研究将审查少数群体是否 大学生自我价值感的波动与大学生的生活经历密切相关。 偏见，以及SE的这种变异性是否更具有 那些具有高度偶然性的SE。 第二项研究将使用相关性 方法来检查是否感知种族之间的关联 SE的劣势取决于价值的偶然性。 第三项研究 我将研究那些感觉到 超重或正常体重，作为其SE偶然性的函数 以及他们所处的社会环境是否客观化了他们。第四 一项研究将检查男女同性恋者的SE的每日波动 学生作为他们的价值和性偶然性的函数， 他们是否试图向他人隐瞒自己的取向。

Self-esteem (SE) is a central aspect of mental health. Yet, research investigating the role of SE in forms of psychological distress such as depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders has failed to demonstrate a causal role of low SE in the development of disorders. The PI proposes that in addition to level of SE, the contingencies on which SE I based are critically important to the functioning of SE, vulnerability of SE in the face of stressful events, and vulnerability to psychological distress. The proposed research will be conducted in three phases: In phase 1, five studies will focus on the development of reliable and valid measures of contingencies of SE among college students, and exploring the role of contingencies of SE as prospective predictors of the activities and psychological distress experienced by college freshmen. In phase 2, studies will explore the implications of contingencies of SE for several controversial issues in the SE literature: two studies using a daily report methodology will explore the hypothesis that instability of SE across time depends jointly on an individual's contingencies of SE and the relevance of daily events to those contingencies. Three experiments will explore the hypotheses that defensiveness among high SE individuals is found among those with highly contingent SE, but not those with noncontingent SE; that whether high SE individuals become defensive in the face of threat depends on the relevance of the threat to their particular contingencies of SE, and that people with different contingencies of SE tend to show different types of defensiveness. A correlational study will test the hypothesis that SF is more strongly related to people's objective characteristics if they have highly contingent SE. In phase 3 of the project, four studies will investigate the role of contingencies of SE as vulnerability factors fol low SE among members of stigmatized groups. One study using a daily report methodology will examine whether minority college students' Se fluctuates in concert with the experience of prejudice, and whether this variability in SE is more characteristic of those with highly contingent SE. A second study will use correlational methods to examine whether the association between perceived racial disadvantage with SE depends on contingencies of worth. A third study will examine daily fluctuation in the self-esteem of women who feel overweight or normal weight, as a function of their contingencies of SE and whether the social contexts they are in objectify them. A fourth study will examine daily fluctuations in the SE of gay and lesbian students as a function of their sexual contingencies of worth and whether they are attempting to conceal their orientation from others.