Assessing the global and local impacts on ecosystem services of energy provision in the UK

英国的能源供应对当地、英国其他地方和世界其他地方的生态系统产生影响。例如，燃煤发电站的影响可能发生在发电站所在地，也可能发生在煤炭开采地（通常在英国以外）;核电可能对发电站周围的陆地和海洋产生影响，但也会对其他地方的铀矿开采和乏燃料和污染物的长期储存产生影响;生物能源在生长的地方会对当地产生影响，但也可能取代其他土地使用，这可能会导致英国其他地方或世界其他地方的补偿性土地使用变化：风力可在陆基或离岸涡轮机场周围具有局部和远距离影响，并且还具有与涡轮机和相关基础设施中的嵌入式产品相关联的影响。该项目的目的是评估英国能源供应对当地和全球生态系统服务的影响。我们将使用四种能源技术来开发一种一致的方法，然后可以应用于其他技术。我们将采取全生命周期的方法来评估英国煤炭，核能，风能（陆基和海上-包括第三轮风能阵列）和生物能源发电的本地和全球ES影响。当原料和基础设施来源于国外时，以及当环境影响覆盖广泛的地理区域，如渔业、碳储存、排放羽流时，就会产生全球环境服务影响。这些任务是相互关联的。该项目将分四个工作方案进行，主要与上述目标有关：工作方案1确定影响发生的地点。WP 2确定了对这些地点生态系统服务的影响，详情如下。WP 3应用了这些方法，并提供了一份综合报告，对各种技术的当前影响进行了比较。WP 4扩展了分析，以评估ES对英国未来潜在能源路径预测的影响（来自UKERC 2050和MARKAL）。

Energy provision in the UK impacts upon ecosystems locally, elsewhere in the UK and elsewhere in the world. For example, impacts of a coal-fired power-station may occur locally where the power station is sited, but also where the coal is mined (often outside the UK); nuclear power may have local terrestrial and marine impacts around the power station, but also has impacts from uranium mining and long term storage of spent fuel and contaminated items elsewhere; bioenergy has local impacts where grown, but may also displace other land uses, which may cause compensatory land use change elsewhere in the UK or elsewhere in the world: wind power may have both local and distant impacts around the land-based or offshore turbine field, and also has impacts associated with embedded products in the turbines and related infrastructure. The purpose of this project is to assess the local and global impacts on Ecosystem Services (ESs) from energy provision in the UK. We will use four energy technologies to develop a consistent methodology which could then be applied to other technologies. We will take a full life cycle approach to assess local and global ES impacts of coal, nuclear, wind (land-based and offshore - including Round 3 wind energy arrays) and bioenergy power in the UK. Global ES impacts occur when feedstocks and infrastructure are sourced from abroad and but also when the environmental impacts cover a wide geographic area e.g. fisheries, C storage, emission plumes. The tasks are interlinked. The project will be conducted in four WPs, largely relating to the objectives described above: WP1 identifies the location of where the impacts occur. WP2 identifies the impacts on ecosystem services in these locations as described in detail below. WP3 applies the methodologies and provides a synthesis of current impacts comparing across the technologies. WP4 extends the analysis to assess ES impacts for projections of potential UK future energy pathways (from UKERC 2050 and MARKAL).