GCRF Building capacity for sustainable interactions with marine ecosystems for health, wellbeing, food and livelihoods of coastal communities

海洋和海岸以及生活在其中的大自然提供多种服务（例如，养殖和野生捕获的富含蛋白质的海产品供当地消费和销售、沿海洪水和风暴防御、旅游、休闲、海洋可再生能源、运输和气候调节），这些服务可以被开发或被动地用于支持当地经济和沿海社区的健康和福祉。然而，由于扩大对海洋环境的利用，以及人们日益认识到大部分海洋环境正在恶化，对海洋空间的需求日益增加。因此，全球对海洋规划（MP）的需求不断增长，以确保海洋空间的可持续利用和海洋资源的开采。这一点在东南亚和东南亚尤为明显，在这些地区，围绕海洋空间和资源的冲突日益加剧，再加上人口增长的压力。在整个东南亚和东南亚实施海洋资源管理的能力在很大程度上是缺乏的，这构成了一个总体挑战：改善海洋和沿海环境的综合管理，减少使用者之间的冲突，减轻与扩大或新用途相关的风险，保护脆弱的生态系统，同时支持沿海社区的生计、粮食安全、健康和福祉。我们将通过国际合作、跨学科研究、培训和能力建设来实现这一目标。活动将侧重于研究人员、当地利益相关者和当地社区之间的边做边学，以提供具有潜在影响的研究成果。根据三项联合国可持续发展目标（可持续发展目标1：消除贫困；可持续发展目标2：零饥饿；可持续发展目标3：良好健康和福祉），我们需要应对五个子挑战：挑战1：通过减少海产品的过度捕捞和环境退化，促进可持续捕捞，并通过水产养殖促进野生捕捞海产品的可持续管理和海产品生产。挑战2：为气候变化做好准备，了解其对沿海社区的直接和间接影响，并预测和减轻影响，例如沿海湿地、珊瑚礁和红树林可以减轻洪水、风暴和海啸的影响；它们的管理除了是食物来源外，对人类福祉也起着关键作用。挑战3：促进健康：我们的目标是展示改善海洋生态系统管理如何能够促进健康和福祉效益，包括但不限于粮食和营养，并减少生态系统退化和过度开发带来的健康风险。挑战4：确定未来增长的机会：通过海洋可再生能源等技术，改善管理可以提供额外的、可持续的增长机会。我们需要认识到并考虑到环境保护计划下的海洋环境利用之间的协同作用和权衡。挑战5：共同制定和实施MP：海洋计划需要在文化上可接受，促进海洋环境使用者的增长，减少风险和冲突，同时有助于改善生计、健康和福祉，并确保海洋生态系统的可持续利用。我们将把研究（和边做边学）的重点放在印度尼西亚、越南、菲律宾和中国的联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区和马来西亚海洋保护区的案例研究上。最终，该项目将通过共同开发当地研究能力、利益相关者参与和应用与环境相关的MP工具，为东南亚沿海社区带来经济、社会、健康、福祉和环境效益，这将远远超过四年的计划。我们预计，未来人们可以依靠恢复后的更具复原力的海洋生态系统，可持续地利用这些生态系统来支持和改善生计。实现这一目标将在学术和非学术合作伙伴之间建立持久的合作，以提供具有变革性影响的研究。

Seas and coasts and the nature that lives in them provide multiple services (e.g. farmed and wild capture protein-rich seafood for local consumption and sale, coastal flood and storm defences, tourism, leisure, marine renewable energy, transport and climate regulation) that can be exploited or are passively used to support local economies and the health and well-being of coastal communities. Yet, there is an increasing demand for ocean space resulting from expanding use of the marine environment, and a growing awareness that much of the marine environment is deteriorating. In response a need for marine planning (MP) has grown globally to ensure sustainable use of marine space and extraction of its resources. This is particularly evident in E and SE Asia, where conflicts over marine space and resources are growing, added to by pressures of population growthThe capacity to implement MP throughout E and SE Asia is largely lacking and presents an overarching challenge: to improve the integrated management of marine and coastal environments to reduce conflict between users, mitigate risks associated with expanded or new uses, and protect fragile ecosystems while supporting livelihoods, food security, health and well-being of coastal communities. We will achieve this through collaborative international, interdisciplinary research, training and capacity building. Activities will focus on learning-by-doing among researchers, local stakeholders, and local communities to deliver research outcomes with potential for impact. We have five sub-challenges to address, aligning with three UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG1 no poverty; SDG2 zero hunger; and SDG3 good health and well-being):Challenge 1: Promote sustainable harvesting by reducing overexploitation of seafood and degradation of the environments, and promoting sustainable management of wild capture seafood and production of seafood through aquaculture. Challenge 2: Prepare for climate change by understanding its direct and indirect effects on coastal communities and anticipating and mitigating the impacts e.g. coastal wetlands, reefs and mangroves dampen the effects of flooding, storms and tsunamis; their management plays a key role on human wellbeing beyond being sources of food. Challenge 3: Promote good health: we aim to show how improved management of marine ecosystems may promote health and wellbeing benefits, including but not limited to food and nutrition, and reduce the health risks that arise from degraded and overexploited ecosystems. Challenge 4: Identify opportunities for future growth: improved management can provide additional, sustainable, opportunities for growth via technologies such as marine renewable energy. We will need to recognise and account for synergies and trade-offs among uses of the marine environment under MP.Challenge 5: Co-development and implementation of MP: marine plans need to be culturally-acceptable, facilitate growth of, and reduce risks to and conflicts among users of the marine environment, and simultaneously contribute to improving livelihoods, health and wellbeing and ensuring sustainable use of marine ecosystems.We will focus research, (and learning-by-doing), on case studies in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines and China and marine protected areas in Malaysia. Ultimately this project will deliver economic, social, health and wellbeing and environmental benefits to coastal communities in SE Asia via co-development of local research capacity, stakeholder engagement, and application of contextually relevant tools for MP that will endure well beyond the four-year programme. We anticipate a future where people can rely on restored and more resilient marine ecosystems that can be used sustainably to support and improve livelihoods. Delivery of that objective will in turn create durable collaborations between academic and non-academic partners to deliver research with transformative impact.