FEAR AND THE ANXIETY DISORDERS: BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR

恐惧和焦虑症：大脑和行为

• 批准号: 6185934
• 负责人: Peter J Lang
• 金额: $ 33.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1982
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1982-07-01 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6185934
• 关键词: amygdala; auditory stimulus; autonomic reflex; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain mapping; cerebral cortex; clinical anxiety; clinical research; electrical potential; electroencephalography; fear; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; hypothalamus; imagery; memory; obsessive compulsive disorder; perception; phobias; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychophysiology; somatic reflex; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The plan of experiments emphasizes basic research on emotion as a framework for comparative clinical studies of phobic and anxious patients. The guiding theory of emotion is derived from animal research on functional brain activity in states of appetitive and defensive motivation. Work by Davis, LeDoux, Fanselow and others has defined a subcortical fear circuit, including the sensory thalamus, amygdala, and periaqueductal central gray. The startle reflex, and autonomic reactivity, are augmented in fearful animals, and this effect depends on an intact fear circuit (e.g., lesions of the amygdala eliminate potentiation). Research conducted on this project has demonstrated a parallel startle potentiation and autonomic change in human beings in fear conditioning, fear imagery, and while attending to unpleasant pictures and auditory stimulation. Exaggerated startle reactions also characterized specific anxiety diagnoses, and may vary with generality of psychopathology. The new basic research examines conical and subcortical reactivity (including brain sites of the animal model) in humans, using both scalp and subdural electrophysiological recording and functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine if fearful and aversive stimuli occasion hypothesized regional patterns of brain activity. Standardized picture stimuli (IAPS) and text evoked imagery, shown to reliably produce emotion related ANS and reflex responses, are presented to subjects in the magnet to determine if there are regional blood oxygen level differences between neutral, pleasant, and aversive stimuli, and how these effects are modulated by arousal. A parallel set of experiments will utilize the EEG to examine cortical responses (ERP and slow-wave) to these same stimuli. Subsequent EEG and fMRI studies will examine phobic subjects (volunteers selected from the normal population) while they view pictures of and/or mentally image, phobic and non-phobic objects. The new clinical research effort includes major anxiety patient assessment studies, using mental imagery and picture paradigms, and multi-measure psychophysiological recording. Comparative analyses are made among anxiety disorders. The sample includes simple and social phobia, panic, post-traumatic stress, obsessive- compulsive, and generalized anxiety disorders. It is planned that the new neural imaging techniques will be added to this clinical protocol, as procedures develop in the basic studies. Goals of the project are to sharpen psychophysiological distinctions between fear (as in phobia), a phasic defensive reaction to a specific stimulus, and anxiety (as in GAD), a more persistent tonic defensive set with components of inhibition and depression. and furthermore, to evaluate memorial, cognitive style, and temperament differences among anxiety disorders, to sharpen differential diagnosis and assess the significance of depressive co-morbidity.

描述（申请人的摘要）： 实验计划强调以情感为框架的基础研究 用于恐惧症和焦虑症患者的比较临床研究。这 情绪的指导理论源自动物功能性研究 食欲和防御动机状态下的大脑活动。工作由 Davis、LeDoux、Fanselow 等人定义了皮质下恐惧回路， 包括感觉丘脑、杏仁核和导水管周围中央灰质。 惊吓反射和自主反应在恐惧中增强 动物，这种效应取决于完整的恐惧回路（例如， 杏仁核消除增强）。对该项目进行的研究 已表现出并行的惊吓增强和自主变化 人类处于恐惧调节、恐惧意象中，并且在关注时 令人不快的图片和听觉刺激。夸张的惊吓反应 还表征了特定的焦虑诊断，并且可能因普遍性而异 精神病理学。 新的基础研究检查了圆锥形和皮质下反应性 （包括动物模型的大脑部位）在人类中，使用头皮和 硬膜下电生理记录和功能磁共振 成像以确定是否假设了恐惧和厌恶的刺激事件 大脑活动的区域模式。标准化图片刺激 (IAPS) 和文本引发的图像，被证明可以可靠地产生与情绪相关的 ANS 和 反射反应，呈现给磁铁中的受试者以确定是否 中性、宜人、 和厌恶刺激，以及这些影响是如何通过唤醒来调节的。一个 平行组实验将利用脑电图检查皮质 对这些相同刺激的反应（ERP 和慢波）。随后的脑电图和 功能磁共振成像研究将检查恐惧症受试者（从 正常人群）当他们看到图片和/或心理图像时，恐惧 和非恐惧的物体。 新的临床研究工作包括严重焦虑症患者评估 研究，使用心理意象和图片范式以及多测量 心理生理记录。焦虑之间的比较分析 失调。样本包括简单的社交恐惧症、恐慌、 创伤后应激、强迫症和广泛性焦虑 失调。计划将新的神经成像技术 随着基础研究程序的发展，添加到该临床方案中。 该项目的目标是加深两者之间的心理生理学区别 恐惧（如恐惧症），对特定刺激的阶段性防御反应，以及 焦虑（如广泛性焦虑症），一种更持久的补品防御组合，包含组件 的抑制和抑郁。此外，为了评估纪念馆， 焦虑症之间的认知风格和气质差异 加强鉴别诊断并评估抑郁症的重要性 共病。