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Attention Capture in Fear, Anxiety, and Depression

恐惧、焦虑和抑郁时的注意力捕捉

基本信息

批准号：
7895800
负责人：
Peter J Lang
金额：
$ 18.31万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-08-01 至 2012-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of the present research is to assess attention capture, sustained attention, and defensive reflex engagement during emotional perception in anxiety patients diagnosed with and without co-morbid major depression, and in healthy control participants. Previous studies suggest that anxious, depressed, and control participants differ variously in affective processing: 1) in early and later stages of processing, 2) in response to intact or degraded affective cues, and 3) and in the modulation of attentional (e.g., RT) or emotional (e.g., startle blink) indices. Whereas fearful, anxious patients generally show rapid attention capture and strong emotional engagement in response to threat cues, relative to controls, results for depressed patients are mixed. Here, we use a multi-modal measurement array (brain, reflex, and reaction time) to address attentional and emotional engagement in socially anxious patients -- both depressed and non-depressed -- as these processes develop chronometrically during picture perception. The overall hypothesis is that whereas fearful anxiety is characterized by robust activation of the brain's defense system, quickly attracting attentional resources and mobilizing the organism to confront even half-perceived threats; comorbid depression represents a more chronic stage in the development of affective pathology in which attention and emotion are uncoupled, possibly reflecting top down effects of perseverative rumination that delays or diverts external focus, or indicative of a general systemic disorder, based on a history of chronic stress, that blunts defensive reflexes and coping actions. To assess potential differences in a single paradigm, the temporal development of attention and emotion are assessed using an acoustic probe methodology that efficiently assesses these processes when participants view affective cues: (1) The blink reflex to a startling acoustic probe is a robust measure of the degree to which the brain's defensive system is engaged; (2) the P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) to an acoustic probe provides a direct, brain-based measure of sustained attention allocation; and (3) reaction time (RT) to an acoustic probe reflects early attention capture. Because acoustic probes are easily presented at various temporal delays after picture onset, the probe methodology opens a chronometric window on the developing trajectories of both attention to threatening cues and emotional reactivity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Heightened attention and emotion to aversive events is often described as underlying the persistence of anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with these disorders. The proposed research explores the time course of attention capture and emotional engagement when socially anxious patients diagnosed with or without comorbid depression are confronted with threatening cues. A variety of existing hypotheses regarding differences and deficits in anxiety and depression are assessed in a single psychophysiological session that could help to address perplexing patterns found in past studies as well as to illuminate basic mechanisms in co-morbid pathology that are fundamental for developing new assessment and/or therapeutic techniques.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的目的是评估诊断为伴发和不伴发重度抑郁症的焦虑患者以及健康对照参与者在情绪感知过程中的注意力捕获、持续注意力和防御反射参与。先前的研究表明，焦虑，抑郁和控制参与者在情感处理方面存在不同：1）在处理的早期和后期阶段，2）对完整或退化的情感线索的反应，以及3）注意力的调节（例如，RT）或情绪（例如，惊跳眨眼）指数。而恐惧，焦虑的患者通常表现出快速的注意力捕捉和强烈的情绪参与，以应对威胁线索，相对于控制，抑郁症患者的结果是混合的。在这里，我们使用多模式测量阵列（大脑、反射和反应时间）来解决社交焦虑患者（包括抑郁症和非抑郁症）的注意力和情感参与问题，因为这些过程在图片感知期间按时间顺序发展。总的假设是，尽管恐惧焦虑的特征是大脑防御系统的强烈激活，迅速吸引注意力资源并动员有机体面对甚至半感知的威胁;共病抑郁症代表了情感病理学发展中的一个更慢性的阶段，其中注意力和情感是分离的，可能反映了持续性反刍的自上而下的影响，延迟或转移外部焦点，或指示基于慢性应激史的一般系统性障碍，削弱了防御反射和应对行动。为了评估单个范例中的潜在差异，使用声学探针方法来评估注意和情绪的时间发展，该方法有效地评估了当被试观察情感线索时的这些过程：（1）对令人吃惊的声学探针的眨眼反射是大脑防御系统参与程度的可靠测量;（2）事件相关电位（ERP）的P3成分对声探头提供了一个直接的，基于大脑的持续注意力分配的测量;（3）反应时间（RT）对声探头反映了早期的注意力捕获。由于声学探头很容易在各种时间延迟后，图片发病，探头方法打开了一个计时窗口的发展轨迹的注意威胁线索和情绪反应。公共卫生相关性：对厌恶性事件的高度关注和情绪通常被描述为被诊断患有这些疾病的患者的焦虑和抑郁持续存在的基础。本研究探讨了被诊断为抑郁症共病或非共病的社交焦虑患者在面对威胁性线索时的注意力捕获和情感投入的时间过程。各种现有的关于焦虑和抑郁症的差异和缺陷的假设进行了评估，在一个单一的心理生理会议，可以帮助解决在过去的研究中发现的令人困惑的模式，以及照亮共病病理学的基本机制，是发展新的评估和/或治疗技术的基础。