Silicon isotope records of recent environmental change and anthropogenic pollution from Lake Baikal, Siberia

西伯利亚贝加尔湖近期环境变化和人为污染的硅同位素记录

• 批准号: NE/J007765/1
• 负责人: Matthew Horstwood
• 金额: $ 19.81万
• 依托单位: British Geological Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ007765%2F1
• 关键词: Silicon; isotope; records; recent; environmental

Lake Baikal is the world's oldest lake lying in a rift zone in south eastern Siberia (103o43'-109o58'E and 51o28'-55o47'N) that began to form over 20 million years ago. As well as being the world's deepest and most voluminous, the lake also acts as a major water resource containing c. 20% of global surface freshwater. A key feature of Lake Baikal is the high degree of biodiversity with over 2,500 flora and fauna, the majority of which are endemic. Such high levels of endemicity have led to the lake being cited as the "most outstanding example of a freshwater ecosystem" and resulted in the site being designated a World Heritage Site in 1996. Industrial development and changes in catchment land-use since the 1950's, however, pose real and serious threats to the stability of the lake's ecosystem with pollution entering the lake from major conurbations, industrial centres, mining and agricultural practises. The lake is also responding strongly to anthropogenic climate change. Firstly, global warming is having a major impact on regional permafrost with increased melting leading to enhanced nutrient inputs to the lake. Secondly, marked increases in water column temperatures have been observed in the south basin. Thirdly, the duration of ice cover and ice thickness have declined significantly in recent decades with further declines forecast for the future. Such changes will have major implications for the food-web interactions and the wider ecosystem from the rapid growth of primary producers underneath clear ice to the lake's top consumer, Phoco sibirica (the world's only freshwater seal).In order to ensure that future development and policy plans for the catchment are capable of sustaining Lake Baikal's unique ecosystem, there is a need for a detailed understanding as to the impact of anthropogenic influences on the lake. Efforts towards this are ongoing and led by monitoring programmes from the Limnological Research Institute in Irktusk, Russia. This project will complement and extend this work by developing the application of silicon isotope measurements in Lake Baikal to provide information on changes in biogenic nutrient utilisation. By first carrying out a calibration of the method in the modern day water column, measurements will then be taken from a series of sediment cores from around the lake to examine: 1) the impact of recent 20th Century catchment development and climate change on nutrient utilisation; 2) ascertain the response of the lake to natural climatic changes that have occurred over the last 1000 years. Results from this project will provide valuable information that will aid scientists, policy makers and other stakeholders as to the impact of recent catchment/climate changes on Lake Baikal as well as an indication of the lake's vulnerability to future climate change.

贝加尔湖是世界上最古老的湖泊，位于西伯利亚东南部的裂谷带（103 o 43 '-109o58' E和51 o28 '-55o47' N），形成于2000万年前。除了是世界上最深和最大的湖泊，这个湖也是一个主要的水资源，含有C。全球20%的地表淡水。贝加尔湖的一个主要特点是高度的生物多样性，有2 500多个植物群和动物群，其中大多数是地方性的。这种高度的地方性导致该湖被引用为“淡水生态系统最杰出的例子”，并导致该网站在1996年被指定为世界遗产。然而，自20世纪50年代以来，工业发展和集水区土地利用的变化对湖泊生态系统的稳定构成了真实的严重威胁，污染物从大城市、工业中心、采矿和农业区进入湖泊。该湖也对人为气候变化做出了强烈反应。首先，全球变暖正在对区域永久冻土产生重大影响，融化增加导致湖泊营养物质输入增加。第二，在南部盆地观察到水柱温度明显上升。第三，近几十年来，冰盖的持续时间和冰层厚度显著下降，预计未来还会进一步下降。这些变化将对食物网的相互作用和更广泛的生态系统产生重大影响，从清澈冰层下初级生产者的快速增长到湖泊的最大消费者，Phoco sibirica（世界上唯一的淡水海豹）。为了确保集水区的未来发展和政策计划能够维持贝加尔湖独特的生态系统，需要详细了解人为影响对湖泊的影响。在俄罗斯伊尔库茨克湖沼研究所的监测方案的领导下，正在为此作出努力。该项目将通过开发贝加尔湖硅同位素测量的应用来补充和扩展这项工作，以提供有关生物营养利用变化的信息。通过首先在现代水柱中对该方法进行校准，然后从湖泊周围的一系列沉积物芯中进行测量，以检查：1）最近世纪集水区开发和气候变化对养分利用的影响; 2）确定湖泊对过去1000年发生的自然气候变化的响应。该项目的结果将提供宝贵的信息，帮助科学家、决策者和其他利益攸关方了解贝加尔湖近期流域/气候变化的影响，以及该湖对未来气候变化的脆弱性。

项目成果

Lake Baikal isotope records of Holocene Central Asian precipitation

全新世中亚降水的贝加尔湖同位素记录

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.04.013
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Swann G

Changing nutrient cycling in Lake Baikal, the world's oldest lake.

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013181117
• 发表时间: 2020-11-03
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Swann GEA;Panizzo VN;Piccolroaz S;Pashley V;Horstwood MSA;Roberts S;Vologina E;Piotrowska N;Sturm M;Zhdanov A;Granin N;Norman C;McGowan S;Mackay AW
• 通讯作者: Mackay AW

Mercury loading within the Selenga River basin and Lake Baikal, Siberia.

西伯利亚色楞格河流域和贝加尔湖的汞含量。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113814
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 1987)
• 作者: Roberts S

Changing nutrient cycling in Lake Baikal, the world's oldest lake

世界上最古老的湖泊贝加尔湖的养分循环正在发生变化

• DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000454332
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Swann, George E.A.

Spatial differences in dissolved silicon utilization in Lake Baikal, Siberia: Examining the impact of high diatom biomass events and eutrophication

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.10792
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: V. Panizzo;S. Roberts;G. Swann;S. McGowan;A. Mackay;E. Vologina;V. Pashley;M. Horstwood