Mercury loading within the Selenga River basin and Lake Baikal, Siberia.

Mercury loading within the Selenga River basin and Lake Baikal, Siberia.
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西伯利亚色楞格河流域和贝加尔湖的汞含量。

DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113814
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
1987)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Roberts S
Roberts S
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--
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作者:
Roberts S

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联合国教科文组织世界遗产贝加尔湖的汞(Hg)含量正在增加,并对湖泊生态系统造成严重的健康问题,因为汞能够转化为有毒形式,称为甲基汞(MeHg)。对进入贝加尔湖的汞的监测在空间和时间上都是稀疏的,这突出表明需要深入了解历史上的汞负荷。这项研究报告了2013年8月和2014年8月从贝加尔湖及其主要流入地塞伦加河流域(俄罗斯,蒙古)收集的水中汞浓度的测量结果。我们还报告了历史上的汞污染,从贝加尔湖的南部和北部盆地的沉积物芯,和一个浅湖在塞伦加三角洲。2013年8月和2014年的实地测量显示,与远洋湖沃茨相比,塞伦加三角洲和河流沃茨中的汞浓度较高。贝加尔湖沉积物柱芯显示,汞的富集首先始于世纪晚期的南部盆地,然后在世纪中期的北部盆地。汞通量也是20倍以上,在南部盆地相比,北部盆地沉积物。汞富集是最大的在色楞格河三角洲浅水湖(富集比(ER)= 2.3,在1994 CE),与富集发生在中期至后期-20世纪。当地汞的主要来源是沿着塞伦加河的金矿开采,在过去几十年中,金矿开采规模不断扩大。最近,另一个来源是亚洲工业活动产生的大气沉降,原因是该区域自1980年代以来经济迅速增长。由于汞可以通过营养水平向贝加尔湖的最大消费者-世界上唯一真正的淡水海豹(Pusa sibirica)-进行生物累积和生物放大,因此对贝加尔湖及其集水区的汞输入进行监测和控制至关重要。
Mercury (Hg) loading in Lake Baikal, a UNESCO world heritage site, is growing and poses a serious health concern to the lake’s ecosystem due to the ability of Hg to transform into a toxic form, known as methylmercury (MeHg). Monitoring of Hg into Lake Baikal is spatially and temporally sparse, highlighting the need for insights into historic Hg loading. This study reports measurements of Hg concentrations from water collected in August 2013 and 2014 from across Lake Baikal and its main inflow, the Selenga River basin (Russia, Mongolia). We also report historic Hg contamination using sediment cores taken from the south and north basins of Lake Baikal, and a shallow lake in the Selenga Delta. Field measurements from August 2013 and 2014 show high Hg concentrations in the Selenga Delta and river waters, in comparison to pelagic lake waters. Sediment cores from Lake Baikal show that Hg enrichment commenced first in the south basin in the late-19th century, and then in the north basin in the mid-20th century. Hg flux was also 20-fold greater in the south basin compared to the north basin sediments. Hg enrichment was greatest in the Selenga Delta shallow lake (Enrichment Ratio (ER) = 2.3 in 1994 CE), with enrichment occurring in the mid-to late-20th century. Local sources of Hg are predominantly from gold mining along the Selenga River, which have been expanding over the last few decades. More recently, another source is atmospheric deposition from industrial activity in Asia, due to rapid economic growth across the region since the 1980s. As Hg can bioaccumulate and biomagnify through trophic levels to Baikal’s top consumer, the world’s only truly freshwater seal (Pusa sibirica), it is vital that Hg input at Lake Baikal and within its catchment is monitored and controlled.
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