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Silicon isotope records of recent environmental change and anthropogenic pollution from Lake Baikal, Siberia

西伯利亚贝加尔湖近期环境变化和人为污染的硅同位素记录

基本信息

批准号：
NE/J010227/1
负责人：
Anson Mackay
金额：
$ 5.53万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ010227%2F1
关键词：
Silicon isotope records recent environmental

项目摘要

Lake Baikal is the world's oldest lake lying in a rift zone in south eastern Siberia (103o43'-109o58'E and 51o28'-55o47'N) that began to form over 20 million years ago. As well as being the world's deepest and most voluminous, the lake also acts as a major water resource containing c. 20% of global surface freshwater. A key feature of Lake Baikal is the high degree of biodiversity with over 2,500 flora and fauna, the majority of which are endemic. Such high levels of endemicity have led to the lake being cited as the "most outstanding example of a freshwater ecosystem" and resulted in the site being designated a World Heritage Site in 1996. Industrial development and changes in catchment land-use since the 1950's, however, pose real and serious threats to the stability of the lake's ecosystem with pollution entering the lake from major conurbations, industrial centres, mining and agricultural practises. The lake is also responding strongly to anthropogenic climate change. Firstly, global warming is having a major impact on regional permafrost with increased melting leading to enhanced nutrient inputs to the lake. Secondly, marked increases in water column temperatures have been observed in the south basin. Thirdly, the duration of ice cover and ice thickness have declined significantly in recent decades with further declines forecast for the future. Such changes will have major implications for the food-web interactions and the wider ecosystem from the rapid growth of primary producers underneath clear ice to the lake's top consumer, Phoco sibirica (the world's only freshwater seal).In order to ensure that future development and policy plans for the catchment are capable of sustaining Lake Baikal's unique ecosystem, there is a need for a detailed understanding as to the impact of anthropogenic influences on the lake. Efforts towards this are ongoing and led by monitoring programmes from the Limnological Research Institute in Irktusk, Russia. This project will complement and extend this work by developing the application of silicon isotope measurements in Lake Baikal to provide information on changes in biogenic nutrient utilisation. By first carrying out a calibration of the method in the modern day water column, measurements will then be taken from a series of sediment cores from around the lake to examine: 1) the impact of recent 20th Century catchment development and climate change on nutrient utilisation; 2) ascertain the response of the lake to natural climatic changes that have occurred over the last 1000 years. Results from this project will provide valuable information that will aid scientists, policy makers and other stakeholders as to the impact of recent catchment/climate changes on Lake Baikal as well as an indication of the lake's vulnerability to future climate change.

贝加尔湖是世界上最古老的湖泊，位于西伯利亚东南部的裂谷带（东经 103o43'-109o58' 和北纬 51o28'-55o47'），形成于 2000 万年前。该湖不仅是世界上最深、面积最大的湖泊，也是一个主要的水资源，含有c。占全球地表淡水的20%。贝加尔湖的一个主要特点是高度的生物多样性，拥有 2,500 多种动植物群，其中大部分是特有的。如此高的地方性使得该湖被称为“淡水生态系统最杰出的例子”，并于 1996 年被指定为世界遗产。然而，自 20 世纪 50 年代以来的工业发展和流域土地利用的变化，随着污染从主要城市、工业中心、采矿和农业实践进入湖泊，对湖泊生态系统的稳定性构成了真正和严重的威胁。该湖还对人为气候变化做出强烈反应。首先，全球变暖对区域永久冻土产生重大影响，融化加剧导致湖泊的养分输入增加。其次，南部盆地水柱温度明显升高。第三，近几十年来，冰盖持续时间和冰厚度显着下降，预计未来还会进一步下降。这些变化将对食物网相互作用和更广泛的生态系统产生重大影响，从清澈冰层下初级生产者的快速增长，到湖中最大的消费者福科西伯利亚（世界上唯一的淡水海豹）。为了确保流域的未来发展和政策计划能够维持贝加尔湖独特的生态系统，有必要详细了解人为影响对该湖的影响。俄罗斯伊尔克图斯克湖沼研究所的监测项目正在为此做出努力。该项目将通过开发贝加尔湖硅同位素测量的应用来补充和扩展这项工作，以提供有关生物养分利用变化的信息。首先在现代水柱中对该方法进行校准，然后从湖泊周围的一系列沉积物岩芯中进行测量，以检查：1）最近 20 世纪流域开发和气候变化对养分利用的影响； 2) 确定湖泊对过去 1000 年来发生的自然气候变化的反应。该项目的结果将提供有价值的信息，帮助科学家、政策制定者和其他利益相关者了解近期流域/气候变化对贝加尔湖的影响，并表明该湖对未来气候变化的脆弱性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Long-term trends in diatom diversity and palaeoproductivity: a 16 000-year multidecadal record from Lake Baikal, southern Siberia

DOI：
10.5194/cp-18-363-2022
发表时间：
2022-02
期刊：
Climate of the Past
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
A. Mackay;V. A. Felde;D. Morley;N. Piotrowska;P. Rioual;A. Seddon;George E. A. Swann
通讯作者：
A. Mackay;V. A. Felde;D. Morley;N. Piotrowska;P. Rioual;A. Seddon;George E. A. Swann

Holocene carbon dynamics at the forest-steppe ecotone of southern Siberia.

DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13583
发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
Global change biology
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Mackay AW;Seddon AW;Leng MJ;Heumann G;Morley DW;Piotrowska N;Rioual P;Roberts S;Swann GE
通讯作者：
Swann GE

Long term trends in aquatic diversity, productivity and stability: a 15,800 year multidecadal diatom study from Lake Baikal, southern Siberia

水生生物多样性、生产力和稳定性的长期趋势：西伯利亚南部贝加尔湖的 15,800 多年硅藻研究