Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics and Fluxes over Shelf Systems

货架系统上的碳和养分动态及通量

• 批准号: NE/K001760/1
• 负责人: Stephanie Wilson
• 金额: $ 8.48万
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK001760%2F1
• 关键词: Carbon; Nutrient; Dynamics; Fluxes; over

The large continental land masses are surrounded by extensive shallow (ca 100m depth) seas known as the 'shelf seas'. These act as the boundary between the massively perturbed terrestrial environment and the vast open ocean marine system, and have huge socio-economic importance. They are the primary regions of human marine resource exploitation, including both renewable and fossil fuel energy sources, recreation, trade and food production. Although comprising only about 5% of the global ocean surface area, the shelf seas provide 90% of the global fish catches which form an important source of food to much of the global population. They also play an important role in the ecosystem services provided by the oceans as a whole, in particular in storing carbon away from the atmosphere.Physical and biochemical processes in shelf seas influence the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and the subsequent storage of carbon in the deep ocean. Biological growth draws carbon out of the water, which is then replaced by carbon in CO2 from the atmosphere. In the shelf seas this growth is supported by terrestrial and open ocean sources of nutrients, implying intimate roles for both the terrestrial biosphere and the open ocean environment in regulating shelf sea climate services. The oceans can also be a major source or sink for other greenhouse gases, including nitrous oxide (N2O), with the shallow shelf seas thought to play a key role.The spatial extent of the submerged continental shelves varies greatly. The NW European shelf sea is one of the largest and hence is likely to play a significant role in marine biogeochemical cycling, alongside providing a useful model for other systems However, even in this relatively well studied region, we lack a good understanding of the principal controls on the cycling of carbon and the major nutrient elements, nitrogen, phosphorous and silicon. Consequently it is also difficult to predict how the cycling of these elements and hence the carbon removal they support may be altered by ongoing and potential future global change. Our proposal aims to address these uncertainties through a comprehensive study of the cycling of the major nutrients and carbon throughout the water column over the NW European shelf sea system.Through close collaboration with a range of partners, we will undertake a year-long observation programme of the whole NW European continental shelf. We will measure the seawater concentrations of the major forms of carbon and nutrients. Combining these with physical water transports and measured transfer of gases (specifically CO2 and N2O) between the air and sea surface, we will quantify the major fluxes of nutrients and carbon between the shelf sea and both the adjacent deep ocean and atmosphere. This will definitively establish the role of this shelf system in the global carbon and nutrient cycles. We will also undertake 4 dedicated research cruises focused on understanding the seasonal cycle of biological and chemical processing of the different forms of the nutrients and carbon. We will measure the rates at which both the photosynthetic and consumer plankton incorporate nutrients and carbon into their cellular material, and subsequently how the combined activity of this biological/chemical system influences the cycling of the major elements. This will allow us to understand the ways in which the role of the shelf system in global cycles is maintained.The combined work delivered by both this proposal and the other programme workpackages will allow us to identify aspects of the NW European shelf system which may be susceptible to ongoing or future environmental changes. Such knowledge will provide both enhanced scientific understanding and improved predictive tools for policy makers and other stakeholders.

巨大的大陆块被广泛的浅海（约100米深）所包围，被称为“陆架海”。它们是受到严重干扰的陆地环境和广阔的海洋系统之间的边界，具有巨大的社会经济重要性。它们是人类海洋资源开发的主要区域，包括可再生能源和化石燃料能源、娱乐、贸易和粮食生产。大陆架海虽然只占全球海洋表面面积的5%左右，但却提供了全球90%的渔获量，是全球许多人口的重要食物来源。它们在整个海洋提供的生态系统服务中也发挥着重要作用，特别是在储存远离大气的碳方面。陆架海的物理和生物化学过程影响大气中二氧化碳的清除以及随后在深海中碳的储存。生物生长从水中吸收碳，然后由大气中的二氧化碳中的碳取代。在陆架海，这种增长得到陆地和开放海洋营养源的支持，这意味着陆地生物圈和开放海洋环境在调节陆架海气候服务方面都发挥着密切的作用。海洋也可能是其他温室气体的主要来源或汇，包括一氧化二氮（N2O），而浅海陆架被认为起着关键作用。水下大陆架的空间范围变化很大。西北大陆架海是最大的海洋之一，因此可能在海洋生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用，同时为其他系统提供有用的模型。然而，即使在这个研究相对较好的地区，我们对碳和主要营养元素（氮、磷和硅）循环的主要控制因素也缺乏很好的理解。因此，也很难预测这些元素的循环以及它们支持的碳去除如何被正在进行的和潜在的未来全球变化所改变。我们的建议旨在通过对欧洲西北陆架海洋系统整个水柱中主要营养物质和碳循环的全面研究来解决这些不确定性。通过与一系列伙伴的密切合作，我们将对整个西北欧洲大陆架进行为期一年的观测计划。我们将测量海水中主要形式的碳和营养物质的浓度。将这些数据与物理水运和空气与海洋表面之间测量的气体（特别是CO2和N2O）转移相结合，我们将量化陆架海与邻近的深海和大气之间营养物质和碳的主要通量。这将明确确定这个陆架系统在全球碳和营养循环中的作用。我们还将进行4次专门的研究巡航，重点了解不同形式的营养物质和碳的生物和化学处理的季节周期。我们将测量光合作用和消费浮游生物将营养物质和碳纳入其细胞物质的速率，以及随后这种生物/化学系统的联合活动如何影响主要元素的循环。这将使我们了解大陆架系统在全球循环中的作用是如何维持的。本提案和其他方案工作包所提供的综合工作将使我们能够确定可能易受当前或未来环境变化影响的西北欧洲大陆架系统的各个方面。这些知识将为决策者和其他利益攸关方提供更好的科学理解和更好的预测工具。

项目成果

Impact of vertical mixing on sea surface p CO 2 in temperate seasonally stratified shelf seas

温带季节性分层陆架海垂直混合对海面p CO 2 的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/2014jc010089
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Oceans
• 作者: Rippeth T

Shelf Sea Biogeochemistry: Nutrient and carbon cycling in a temperate shelf sea water column

陆架海洋生物地球化学：温带陆架海水柱中的营养物和碳循环

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102182
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Progress in Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Sharples J

Correcting Surface Wave Bias in Structure Function Estimates of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate

修正湍流动能耗散率结构函数估计中的表面波偏差

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-17-0059.1
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Scannell B