Assessment of ClNO2 as a missing oxidant in the UK atmosphere

对英国大气中缺失氧化剂 ClNO2 的评估

• 批准号: NE/K004603/1
• 负责人: Mathew Evans
• 金额: $ 11.42万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK004603%2F1
• 关键词: Assessment; ClNO2; missing; oxidant; UK

Is nitryl chloride (ClNO2) a chlorine activation pathway and a strong Cl source that substantially affects tropospheric composition and oxidative capacity of the atmosphere in the UK?The nocturnal formation of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) via reaction of N2O5 on Cl- containing particles has been shown to be a very efficient mechanism to activate chlorine. Recent observations of high levels of ClNO2 (up to 1 ppb) in marine/coastal and continental polluted regions in USA and Germany strongly suggests that ClNO2 chemistry is active on a much larger scale than previously thought, with very important consequences for air composition and quality, public and environmental health and global climate.The work in this proposal explores by way of concerted measurements and modelling whether in the UK context, ClNO2 can release large concentrations of reactive chlorine (Cl) into the troposphere. The chemistry could be especially important for the United Kingdom as the UK is surrounded by the ocean, which provides a continuous source of sea-salt in the coastal areas and further inland. In addition, emissions from coal-fired power stations, spread of grit on roads during winter and usage of chlorinated compounds in swimming pools, sewage and water treatment plants, can provide significant sources of non sea-salt Cl. The other atmospheric precursor to ClNO2 is N2O5. The first wide-scale measurements of N2O5 above the UK were recently conducted from the FAAM aircraft during the NERC-funded RONOCO campaigns. The RONOCO flights found elevated N2O5 concentrations aloft (up to 1 ppbv), typically associated with atmospheric processing of NOx (nitrogen oxides) in pollution plumes from major UK cities, such as the London outflow over the English Channel/North Sea. The co-location of large sources of VOC, NOx and Cl- containing particles means that ClNO2 chemistry should be active in large parts of the UK. Since most of the population in the UK lives within ca. 100 km from the ocean and several large metropolitan areas (e.g., London, Glasgow, Liverpool) are located near the coast, this chemistry is likely to have a significant impact on the health and life quality of many people

硝基氯（ClNO2）是一种氯激活途径和强烈的氯源，在英国对大气的对流层组成和氧化能力有实质性影响吗？N2O5与含Cl粒子的夜间反应生成硝基氯（ClNO2）已被证明是一种非常有效的活化氯的机制。最近对美国和德国海洋/沿海和大陆污染地区高浓度二氧化氯（高达1 ppb）的观测强烈表明，二氧化氯化学活性的规模比以前认为的要大得多，对空气成分和质量、公众和环境健康以及全球气候产生非常重要的影响。本提案中的工作通过协调测量和建模的方式探讨了在英国环境中，二氧化氯是否可以将高浓度的活性氯（Cl）释放到对流层中。这种化学反应对英国来说尤其重要，因为英国四面环海，为沿海地区和内陆地区提供了源源不断的海盐来源。此外，燃煤发电站的排放物、冬季道路上的沙砾以及游泳池、污水和水处理厂使用的氯化化合物都是非海盐Cl的重要来源。ClNO2的另一个大气前体是N2O5。最近，在nerc资助的RONOCO活动期间，FAAM飞机对英国上空的N2O5进行了第一次大规模测量。RONOCO的飞行发现，空中N2O5浓度升高（高达1ppbv），这通常与英国主要城市污染羽流中的氮氧化物（氮氧化物）在大气中的处理有关，比如从英吉利海峡/北海流出的伦敦。挥发性有机化合物、氮氧化物和含氯颗粒的大量来源的共存意味着，在英国的大部分地区，二氧化氯化学反应应该是活跃的。由于英国大多数人口居住在离海洋100公里以内的地方，而且几个大城市（如伦敦、格拉斯哥、利物浦）都靠近海岸，因此这种化学反应很可能对许多人的健康和生活质量产生重大影响

项目成果

Effect of sea-salt aerosol on tropospheric bromine chemistry

海盐气溶胶对对流层溴化学的影响

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2018-1239
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Zhu L

The role of chlorine in tropospheric chemistry

氯在对流层化学中的作用

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2018-1088
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Wang X

Iodine's impact on tropospheric oxidants: a global model study in GEOS-Chem

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-1161-2016
• 发表时间: 2015-08
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: T. Sherwen;M. Evans;L. Carpenter;S. Andrews;R. Lidster;B. Dix;T. Koenig;R. Sinreich;I. Ortega;R. Volkamer;A. Saiz‐Lopez;C. Prados-Román;A. Mahajan;C. Ordóñez

Importance of reactive halogens in the tropical marine atmosphere: A regional modelling study using WRF-Chem

热带海洋大气中活性卤素的重要性：使用 WRF-Chem 进行的区域模拟研究

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2017-903
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Badia A

Seasonal and geographical variability of nitryl chloride and its precursors in Northern Europe

• DOI: 10.1002/asl.844
• 发表时间: 2018-08
• 期刊: Atmospheric Science Letters
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: R. Sommariva;L. Hollis;T. Sherwen;A. Baker;S. Ball;B. Bandy;T. Bell;M. N. Chowdhury;R. Cordell;M. J. Evans;James D. Lee;C. Reed;C. Reeves;J. Roberts;Mingxi Yang;P. Monks