A 500,000-year environmental record from Chew Bahir, south Ethiopia: testing hypotheses of climate-driven human evolution, innovation, and dispersal

埃塞俄比亚南部 Chew Bahir 的 50 万年环境记录：检验气候驱动的人类进化、创新和扩散的假设

• 批准号: NE/K014560/1
• 负责人: Henry Lamb
• 金额: $ 73.75万
• 依托单位: Aberystwyth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK014560%2F1
• 关键词: 500; 000; year; environmental; record

This proposal seeks funding towards costs of geophysical survey and scientific drilling of Pleistocene lacustrine sediments in East Africa, and their subsequent analyses. The aim of the project is to provide a long, continuous and highly-resolved palaeoenvironmental record that will facilitate tests of hypotheses linking human physical and cultural evolution to environmental variation, by reconstructing climatic and landscape change across critical intervals of the last half-million years of human evolutionary history. The planned research is focused on Chew Bahir, a 5 km-deep sediment-filled rift basin in south Ethiopia, close to the important hominin fossil sites at Konso, Omo-Kibish, and east Turkana. Drilling will take place in November-December 2013, to a depth of 400 m, estimated to cover the last 500,000 years. Luminescence, radiocarbon, tephrochronology, palaeomagnetic, and 40Ar/39Ar dating methods will be used to determine the age range and time resolution of the cores. A multi-proxy approach, using sediment geochemistry, biomarker, isotope, pollen and diatoms, will be applied to reconstruct past changes in moisture balance, temperature and catchment vegetation. Statistical techniques will be used to define the most significant climate shifts and periods of maximum variability, and then used to model the natural selection of human populations, measured from regional densities of archaeological sites. Particular focus will be on the time period 135-125 ka in order to test the hypothesis that human range expansion out of Africa took place after a period of strong climatic variability. The Chew Bahir project is part of the larger Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP), supported by the International Continental Drilling Project (ICDP), by NSF (USA), and by DFG (Germany). The HSPDP involves deep drilling of lacustrine sediments at five globally-significant early hominin sites in Kenya and Ethiopia, including Chew Bahir. The combined core data from all five sites will allow comparison of 4 million years of environmental change with the record of human and mammalian evolution, extinction, cultural innovation, and geographic dispersal. The data will be used to evaluate models of climatic and tectonic forcing of environmental processes and landscape resources, and will facilitate testing of hypotheses linking climate variability to human origins, evolution, population change, extinction, and dispersal from Africa into Eurasia.

该提案寻求为东非更新世湖泊沉积物的地球物理调查和科学钻探及其随后的分析费用提供资金。该项目的目的是提供一个长期、连续和高分辨率的古环境记录，通过重建过去50万年人类进化史上关键时期的气候和景观变化，有助于测试将人类身体和文化进化与环境变化联系起来的假说。计划中的研究集中在Chew Babir，这是埃塞俄比亚南部一个5公里深的充满沉积物的裂谷盆地，靠近重要的原始人化石遗址Konso、Omo-Kibish和东图尔卡纳。钻探将于2013年11月至12月进行，深度为400米，估计覆盖了过去50万年。将使用发光法、放射性碳法、年代学、古地磁和40Ar/39Ar测年方法来确定岩芯的年龄范围和时间分辨率。使用沉积物地球化学、生物标志物、同位素、花粉和硅藻的多代理方法将用于重建过去水分平衡、温度和集水区植被的变化。统计技术将被用来定义最显著的气候变化和最大变异性时期，然后用来模拟根据考古遗址的区域密度测量的人类种群的自然选择。将特别关注135-125ka这段时间，以检验这样一种假设，即人类迁出非洲的范围是在一段强烈的气候多变性时期之后发生的。周巴希尔项目是更大的原始人遗址和古湖钻探项目(HSPDP)的一部分，该项目得到了国际大陆钻探项目(ICDP)、美国NSF和德国DFG的支持。HSPDP包括在肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的五个具有全球意义的早期原始人遗址对湖泊沉积物进行深度钻探，其中包括周巴希尔。来自所有五个地点的综合核心数据将使人们能够将400万年来的环境变化与人类和哺乳动物的进化、灭绝、文化创新和地理分散的记录进行比较。这些数据将用于评估环境过程和景观资源的气候和构造强迫模型，并将有助于检验将气候变异性与人类起源、进化、人口变化、灭绝和从非洲扩散到欧亚大陆之间的假设。

项目成果

The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: High-Resolution Paleoclimate Records from the East African Rift System and Their Implications for Understanding the Environmental Context of Hominin Evolution

古人类遗址和古湖泊钻探项目：东非裂谷系统的高分辨率古气候记录及其对了解古人类进化环境背景的意义

• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Paleoanthropology
• 作者: Campisano Cj

The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project

古人类遗址和古湖钻探项目

• DOI: 10.4207/pa.2017.art104
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Paleoanthropology
• 作者: Christopher Campisano

Advanced Hyperspectral Analysis of Sediment Core Samples from the Chew Bahir Basin, Ethiopian Rift, in the Spectral Range from 0.25 to 17 µm: Support for Climate Proxy Interpretation

对埃塞俄比亚裂谷 Chew Bahir 盆地沉积物核心样本进行高级高光谱分析，光谱范围为 0.25 至 17 µm：支持气候代理解释

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.606588
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Arnold G

John Birks: Pioneer in quantitative palaeoecology

约翰·伯克斯：定量古生态学的先驱

• DOI: 10.1177/0959683614556390
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: The Holocene
• 作者: Battarbee R

Reconstructing the Environmental Context of Human Origins in Eastern Africa Through Scientific Drilling

通过科学钻探重建东非人类起源的环境背景

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-031920-081947
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
• 影响因子: 14.9
• 作者: Cohen, Andrew S.;Campisano, Christopher J.;Arrowsmith, J. Ramón;Asrat, Asfawossen;Beck, Catherine C.;Behrensmeyer, Anna K.;Deino, Alan L.;Feibel, Craig S.;Foerster, Verena;Kingston, John D.
• 通讯作者: Kingston, John D.