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R3AW: Resource Recovery and Remediation for Alkaline Wastes

R3AW：碱性废物的资源回收和修复

基本信息

批准号：
NE/K015648/1
负责人：
William Mayes
金额：
$ 9.75万
依托单位：
University of Hull
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK015648%2F1
关键词：
R3AW Resource Recovery Remediation Alkaline

项目摘要

Highly alkaline (i.e. bleach-like) wastes are produced in large quantities by various globally important industrial processes. For example, up to 180 million tonnes of slags are produced each year by the steel industry, while up to 120 million tonnes of bauxite processing residue (from aluminium refining) are generated globally. Traditionally, these wastes have simply been dumped into landfill sites, and pose significant environmental risks. For example, water percolating through the landfill to form "leachate" is toxic to aquatic life, and dust generated from landfill activity can pose public health hazards. On the other hand, these wastes can also provide potential resources we would like to recover. Global mineral and metal prices are high, and there is renewed interest in recovery of metals from any available source. This is particularly the case for those metals important for technological applications, such as vanadium for high grade steel manufacture and rare earth elements for "hi-tech" applications such as visual displays, computer memory and green technologies such as wind turbines and hybrid cars. The potential of highly alkaline waste for metal recovery is enormous; not only is waste produced in large amounts every day, but there is up to 100 years of "legacy" stockpiles in some areas. Unfortunately, the concentration of metals within the leachate is low, and recovering metals from it would be expensive. Directly digging up legacy sites is feasible, but is also expensive and would cause a lot of environmental disturbance. Recent ground-breaking work by the project team has shown that we can accelerate natural weathering processes of steel industry residues by covering it with compost. This concentrates metals like nickel and vanadium to recoverable concentrations in the leachate with almost no physical disturbance. Covering the waste material in compost will also reduce - potentially prevent - dust generation. The compost used in these experiments is "municipal organic waste" that is mostly put into landfill today, so the treatment can be done at almost no financial cost and with a knock-on environmental benefit. If this were not enough, the compost allows more dissolved CO2 to penetrate into the waste material where it reacts with the metals to form carbonate minerals. This is an important means of carbon sequestration, which will offset some of the emissions from the industry. Further deposition of carbonate minerals can be encouraged within the leachate itself once it reaches surface, sequestering even more carbon and consuming some of the low value metals in the leachate it would be worthwhile to recover.As ever, there remain considerable economic, legislative, environmental and social issues that need to be addressed to ensure the responsible development of this kind of industry as well as a range of scientific challenges we still need to address. R3AW aims to address these challenges by bringing together key commercial partners (e.g. steel, cement and alumina industries) with a multi-disciplinary team of environmental scientists, waste policy experts and experts in systems analysis and stakeholder engagement to pave the way to transform resource recovery and environmental remediation in the steel and cement industries and elsewhere. Our objectives for the project are:1) Develop an interdisciplinary approach involving researchers and all other stakeholders to identify key scientific, economic and societal needs and questions surrounding resource recovery from caustic waste streams.2) Undertake preliminary assessment of the accelerated leaching approach we are pioneering under field conditions in the UK.3) Determine the critical scientific, industrial, societal and policy issues currently limiting application of this highly promising science in a manner that can be addressed in future government and industrially funded projects.4) Develop full research proposals to address these questions.

各种全球重要的工业过程大量产生高碱性（即类漂白剂）废物。例如，钢铁工业每年生产多达1.8亿吨的炉渣，而全球每年产生多达1.2亿吨的铝土矿加工残渣（来自铝精炼）。传统上，这些废物被简单地倾倒到垃圾填埋场，并构成重大的环境风险。例如，通过垃圾填埋场渗透形成“渗滤液”的水对水生生物有毒，垃圾填埋场活动产生的粉尘可能对公众健康构成危害。另一方面，这些废物也可以提供我们想要回收的潜在资源。全球矿物和金属价格高企，人们重新燃起了从任何可用来源回收金属的兴趣。对于那些对技术应用很重要的金属来说，情况尤其如此，比如用于高级钢铁制造的钒，以及用于视觉显示、计算机内存等“高科技”应用的稀土元素，以及风力涡轮机和混合动力汽车等绿色技术。高碱性废物回收金属的潜力是巨大的；不仅每天都会产生大量的垃圾，而且在一些地区还存在长达100年的“遗留”库存。不幸的是，渗滤液中金属的浓度很低，从中回收金属的成本很高。直接挖掘遗留遗址是可行的，但也很昂贵，而且会造成很多环境干扰。项目团队最近的突破性工作表明，我们可以通过覆盖堆肥来加速钢铁工业残留物的自然风化过程。这将镍和钒等金属浓缩到可回收的浓度，几乎没有任何物理干扰。将废物覆盖在堆肥中也将减少-潜在地防止-粉尘的产生。在这些实验中使用的堆肥是“城市有机废物”，目前大部分都被填埋，所以这种处理几乎不需要任何经济成本，而且还能带来环境效益。如果这还不够，堆肥允许更多溶解的二氧化碳渗透到废物中，在那里它与金属反应形成碳酸盐矿物。这是一种重要的固碳手段，它将抵消该行业的一些排放。一旦渗滤液到达地表，碳酸盐矿物可以在渗滤液内部进一步沉积，吸收更多的碳并消耗渗滤液中的一些低价值金属，这是值得回收的。与以往一样，仍有大量的经济、立法、环境和社会问题需要解决，以确保这类行业的负责任发展，以及我们仍需要解决的一系列科学挑战。R3AW旨在通过将主要商业伙伴（如钢铁、水泥和氧化铝行业）与一个由环境科学家、废物政策专家和系统分析专家组成的多学科团队联合起来，为钢铁和水泥行业及其他行业的资源回收和环境修复转型铺平道路，从而应对这些挑战。我们的项目目标是：1)开发一种涉及研究人员和所有其他利益相关者的跨学科方法，以确定围绕从腐蚀性废物流中回收资源的关键科学，经济和社会需求和问题。2)对我们在英国实地条件下开创的加速浸出方法进行初步评估。3)确定目前限制这一极具前景的科学应用的关键科学、工业、社会和政策问题，这些问题可以在未来的政府和工业资助项目中解决。4)制定完整的研究建议来解决这些问题。