Genomic Invasion and the Role of Behaviour in Rapid Evolution

基因组入侵和行为在快速进化中的作用

• 批准号: NE/L011255/1
• 负责人: Nathan Bailey
• 金额: $ 73.4万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL011255%2F1
• 关键词: Genomic; Invasion; Role; Behaviour; Rapid

LAY SUMMARYI want to catch evolution in the act, and my proposal aims to test what happens to genomes when novel mutations "invade". Such an invasion could occur through spontaneous mutation in a section of DNA that codes for or regulates the activity of a gene, or by migration of genes from another population or species due to hybridization. I am particularly interested in how the ability of an organism to adjust its behaviour depending on the prevailing conditions might compensate for negative effects of such a genomic invasion and facilitate more rapid evolutionary change.The emergence and spread of new mutations with a selective advantage is at the heart of the evolutionary process, but this process is extraordinarily challenging to observe in a natural system for two reasons: the first is that the likelihood of detecting such a genomic invasion is miniscule because they happen so rarely. The second is that evolutionary change has been thought to occur at a very slow pace, much longer than a researcher's lifetime. My proposal capitalises on a textbook example of rapid evolution that is occurring right now in the Oceanic field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. Male crickets usually sing to attract females for mating, but in the Hawaiian archipelago, they also attract a deadly parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea). Recently, a mutation that feminises male wings by erasing sound-producing structures on male wings arose and spread. It is called flatwing, and it exists in two populations and appears to have different genetic origins. My research will work out what, exactly, has changed in the genome of these different populations to cause this mutant male type, and it will test how the rest of the genome has responded. In particular, I will make use of a time-series of genomic DNA collections from the wild to visualise and test how the genes that lie in close physical proximity to the mutation get "swept" along with it, or become homogenized with the rest of the genome. In other words, when the flatwing mutation invaded the T. oceanicus genome, two things may have happened. The first is that genes nearby got dragged along and are now over-represented in the population, and the second is that genes in other parts of the genome produced phenotypic effects that worked particularly well with the mutation, and therefore are more likely to be found in the mutant variety of males than in normal males.I know from previous work that crickets are sensitive to their social environment, in particular, to the presence or absence of acoustic songs that males produce. Both females and males change their mating behaviour to suit the prevailing social conditions, and I will test the hypothesis that the flatwing mutation was able to spread in response to selection from parasitoids more rapidly because social flexibility enabled crickets to cope with the changed social environment, namely, the silent environment that emerged as flatwings became more numerous. I have devised a cricket tracking setup in the lab, which replicates the wild environment and which I can use to test cricket behaviour and mating success. It involves video and audio recording crickets, and enables me to manipulate the composition of interacting individuals during trials. In this manner, I can vary crickets' social experience, what population they are from, and the relative abundance of the different morphs, to test how social flexibility contributes to the reproductive success of mutant males. Results from these trials stand to illuminate how behaviour interacts with the evolutionary process, and how the rate of evolutionary change can be affected by the social environment and individual organisms' responses to that environment.

简单总结我想捕捉进化的过程，我的提案旨在测试当新突变“入侵”时基因组会发生什么。这种入侵可以通过编码或调节基因活性的DNA部分的自发突变发生，或者通过由于杂交而从另一个种群或物种迁移基因。我特别感兴趣的是，生物体根据当时的条件调整其行为的能力如何能够补偿这种基因组入侵的负面影响，并促进更快的进化变化。具有选择优势的新突变的出现和传播是进化过程的核心，但这一过程在自然系统中观察起来非常具有挑战性，原因有二：第一，检测到这种基因组入侵的可能性很小，因为它们很少发生。第二，进化变化被认为是以非常缓慢的速度发生的，比研究人员的一生要长得多。我的建议利用了一个教科书上的快速进化的例子，这个例子现在正在发生在海洋领域的蟋蟀，Teleogryllus oceanicus。雄性蟋蟀通常会唱歌吸引雌性交配，但在夏威夷群岛，它们也会吸引一种致命的寄生蝇（Ormia ochracea）。最近，一种通过消除雄性翅膀上产生声音的结构使雄性翅膀女性化的突变出现并传播。它被称为平翅，它存在于两个种群中，似乎有不同的遗传起源。我的研究将找出这些不同人群的基因组中到底发生了什么变化，导致了这种突变的男性类型，并将测试基因组的其余部分如何反应。特别是，我将利用从野外收集的基因组DNA的时间序列来可视化和测试与突变密切相关的基因是如何与突变沿着被“席卷”的，或者与基因组的其余部分变得同质化的。换句话说，当平翅突变侵入T。oceanicus基因组，两件事可能已经发生。第一个是附近的基因被沿着拖走了，现在在种群中的代表性过高，第二个是基因组其他部分的基因产生了表型效应，这种效应对突变特别有效，因此在突变的雄性品种中比在正常的雄性品种中更有可能被发现。我从以前的工作中知道，蟋蟀对它们的社会环境特别敏感，雄性是否会发出声音。女性和男性改变他们的交配行为，以适应当时的社会条件，我将测试的假设，即平翅突变能够传播的选择，从寄生虫更快，因为社会的灵活性，使蟋蟀，以科普变化的社会环境，即沉默的环境，出现了平翅变得越来越多。我在实验室里设计了一个蟋蟀跟踪装置，它复制了野生环境，我可以用它来测试蟋蟀的行为和交配成功率。它包括视频和音频记录蟋蟀，并使我能够在试验期间操纵相互作用的个体的组成。通过这种方式，我可以改变蟋蟀的社会经验，它们来自哪个种群，以及不同变体的相对丰度，以测试社会灵活性如何有助于突变雄性的繁殖成功。这些试验的结果表明，行为如何与进化过程相互作用，以及进化变化的速度如何受到社会环境和个体生物对环境的反应的影响。

项目成果

If everything is special, is anything special? A response to comments on Bailey et al.

如果一切都很特别，那还有什么特别的吗？

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx191
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Bailey N

A test of genetic models for the evolutionary maintenance of same-sex sexual behaviour.

对同性性行为进化维持的遗传模型的测试。

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0429
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Proceedings. Biological sciences
• 作者: Hoskins JL

Divergent mechanisms of acoustic mate recognition between closely related field cricket species (Teleogryllus spp.)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.06.007
• 发表时间: 2017-08-01
• 期刊: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Bailey, Nathan W.;Moran, Peter A.;Hennig, R. Matthias
• 通讯作者: Hennig, R. Matthias