SWAAMI (South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions)

SWAAMI（西南亚气溶胶季风相互作用）

• 批准号: NE/L013886/1
• 负责人: Hugh Coe
• 金额: $ 119.35万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL013886%2F1
• 关键词: SWAAMI; South; West; Asian; Aerosol

Aerosol particles from pollution sources across the Indian subcontinent form a dense and extensive haze across India and the Bay of Bengal that increases in extent and magnitude in advance of the monsoon. As the aerosols, a large fraction of which arises from wood and charcoal fired cookstoves, absorb solar radiation as well as scatter it they can affect the heat balance of the lower atmosphere. It has been hypothesised that this aerosol can influence the monsoon through its role in redistribution of heat across the region in the pre-monsoon, and model studies have demonstrated that such effects can be important. However, current comparisons show model to model variability and under-prediction compared to observations, a strong indication that detailed aerosol properties are poorly represented in current models. The lack of accurate representation of aerosol in these models is compounded by a lack of measurements of sufficient accuracy and sensitivity to elucidate fundamental properties such as component mass, mixing state and optical properties, which need to be well characterised to improve model performance. This is limiting predictive capability at the present time and hence preventing the influence of aerosol in the Indian monsoon to be quantified. In addition to reproducing detailed properties of aerosol, models need to be able to accurately represent the horizontal and vertical distribution of different aerosols to predict their effects. As the monsoon progresses, pollution aerosol are removed by precipitation, but also lofted by convection. Dust advected from deserts to the west above the moist monsoonal flow become significant through the season. It is important that these aerosol layers are accurately represented in models and that robust measurements are available to rigorously challenge model predictions.SWAAMI will contribute to the joint NERC-MoES programme "Drivers of Variability in the Asian Monsoon" through a detailed determination of aerosol physical and chemical properties across India in the advance of, and during, the Indian monsoon using UK and Indian research aircraft. The measurements will deliver a chemical and physical characterisation of the aerosol that is considerably more detailed than any previous and will enable assessment of aerosol composition and mixing state, provide source characterisation and deliver quantification of aerosol optical properties such as extinction, absorption and single scattering albedo. Such detailed characterisation will allow us to test representations of aerosol properties in regional and global climate models. Our planned aircraft measurements will be combined with syntheses of long term data from across the continent and previous field studies to provide a data set that can challenge how well models represent aerosol across the region. Improving model representations of aerosol properties and testing the extent to which this improves model performance against data will provide a framework for ensuring model aerosol schemes improve and in doing so will allow us to make more reliable predictions of aerosols effects on the heat budget of the region and hence improve our knowledge of how aerosols may influence the Indian monsoon.

来自印度次大陆污染源的气溶胶颗粒形成了整个印度和孟加拉湾的密集和广泛的雾雾，在季风之前的程度和幅度增加了。由于气雾剂是由木材和木炭发射的烹饪炉引起的很大一部分，吸收太阳辐射以及散射，它们会影响下部大气的热量平衡。据推测，这种气溶胶可以通过季风重新分布季风来影响季风，并且模型研究表明，这种影响可能很重要。但是，与观测值相比，当前的比较表明模型与模型的变异性和预测不足，这是在当前模型中详细的气溶胶特性表示差异很差。在这些模型中缺乏精确表示气溶胶的表现是由于缺乏对阐明基本特性（例如组件质量，混合状态和光学特性）的足够准确性和敏感性的测量值，这些特性需要很好地表征以提高模型性能。这是目前限制预测能力，因此阻止了对印度季风的影响。除了再现气溶胶的详细特性外，模型还需要能够准确地表示不同气溶胶的水平和垂直分布以预测其效果。随着季风的进展，污染气溶胶会通过降水去除，但也会因对流而大放异彩。整个季节，从沙漠到西部的尘埃变得越来越重要。重要的是，重要的是，这些气溶胶层是在模型中准确表示的，并且可用于严格挑战模型预测。SWAAMI将通过详细的确定印度和印度单人企业在印度的Aerosol物理和化学特性的详细确定，为“亚洲季风的可变性驱动因素”为“亚洲季风的可变性驱动力”做出贡献。该测量结果将提供与任何以前的任何详细的气溶胶的化学和物理表征，并能够评估气溶胶组成和混合状态，提供源表征并实现气溶胶光学特性（例如灭绝，吸收，吸收和单个散射反照率）的定量。这种详细的表征将使我们能够在区域和全球气候模型中测试气溶胶特性的表示。我们计划的飞机测量结果将与来自整个大陆和先前现场研究的长期数据的合成结合在一起，以提供一个数据集，该数据集可以挑战模型在整个地区的气溶胶。改善气溶胶特性的模型表示，并测试对数据改进模型性能的程度，将为确保模型气溶胶方案改善模型提供一个框架，并在此过程中可以使我们对气溶胶对该地区的热预算产生更可靠的预测，从而提高我们对气溶胶如何影响印度季风的知识。

项目成果

Surprising similarities in model and observational aerosol radiative forcing estimates

模型和观测气溶胶辐射强迫估计惊人的相似

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2019-533
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Gryspeerdt E

Nonlinear Response of Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation to Emission Reductions in India and China

亚洲夏季风降水对印度和中国减排的非线性响应

• DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10507903.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Herbert R

Vertical and horizontal distribution of submicron aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across northern India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019
• 发表时间: 2019-04-30
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Brooks, James;Allan, James D.;Coe, Hugh
• 通讯作者: Coe, Hugh

Nonlinear response of Asian summer monsoon precipitation to emission reductions in South and East Asia

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac3b19
• 发表时间: 2022-01-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Herbert, Ross;Wilcox, Laura J.;Frame, Dave
• 通讯作者: Frame, Dave

Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

限制气候变化的全球气溶胶辐射强迫

• DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000409274
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Bellouin, Nicolas