权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Experimenting with practical transition groundwater management strategies for the urban poor in Sub Saharan Africa

为撒哈拉以南非洲城市贫民试验实用的过渡地下水管理策略

基本信息

批准号：
NE/M008045/1
负责人：
Jan Foppen
金额：
$ 246.12万
依托单位：
IHE Delft Foundation
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM008045%2F1
关键词：
Experimenting practical transition groundwater management

项目摘要

Adequate public water services are not provided in, or expanded to, informal unplanned urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Explanations in the literature range from technical difficulties, weak institutional settings, and poor cadastral information. Also, urban poor tend to lack the political or economic resources to exercise power within the urban arena to change their situation; rather, they are subject to commercialisation, industrialisation and 'full cost recovery' for water access. In such cases, groundwater is turned to as an alternative, mainly through private vendors, self-supply from own or shared wells, and/or NGO-run kiosks. However, groundwater of good and safe quality is scarce, either seasonally or at different locations throughout the urban area. Also, there is very little insight in the hydrologic cycle within the urban area, including surface water and groundwater flow patterns and interactions, associated transport velocities, dynamics of pollutant transport, and the presence of recharge and discharge areas in the urban area. Therefore, it is unknown if and how long natural groundwater reserves can sustain these increasing urban groundwater demands.Social, institutional, financial and environmental conditions make the dependence of urban poor on groundwater a challenge that may lead to reduction of the quality of living, income, and life expectancy of the urban poor. It can therefore be regarded a complex and persistent societal problem, which is highly uncertain in terms of future developments and hard to manage, since it is rooted in different societal domains. Also, these problems seem impossible to solve with traditional approaches and instruments or through existing institutions. What is lacking is information, integration, coherence, and systemic thinking. The solution to the problem is likewise complex and not straight-forward; it will involve different stakeholders, it requires social learning, and arriving at the solution is uncertain and will take a long time.Hosted by Local Transitioning Teams, and focusing on parts of Kampala (Uganda), Arusha (Tanzania), and Accra (Ghana), as examples of growing mixed urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa, including poor people in slums, who depend on groundwater, T-GroUP will first firmly root itself in cutting edge demand-led interdisciplinary social and natural research. What are current and historic multi-scale groundwater use-regimes and multi-level governance arrangements, how were and are power structures and power dynamics present in these areas, and what is how do financial and economic factors come into play? These are the more social, governance, institutional and socio-economic type of question we ask ourselves. From the environmental and natural sciences point of view, we aim to unravel complex urban groundwater flow systems and patterns in pathogen distributions in aquifers using next generation DNA sequencing techniques and qPCR techniques we recently developed. Then, our project will turn into a socio-biophysical transition experiment. These areas described above become Urban Transitioning Laboratories in which we plan to implement a Transition Management Cycle (TMC), which is able to properly deal with the complex societal problem described above, and which can convert unsustainable water use into inclusive urban groundwater management, thereby focusing on the role and the needs of the urban poor. Key components of the TMC include multi-stakeholder platforms ('Learning Alliances'), strategic planning, and small scale demonstrations to show the promise in making the transition towards sustainable groundwater management. Being designed for development impact, the TMC is also subject of research: departing from a TMC we developed earlier, we aim to arrive at a TMC tailored to groundwater use in the complex context of our study areas, which can be replicated in other cities in Sub-Saharan Africa.

在撒哈拉以南非洲，没有向非正规的无规划城市地区提供或扩大适当的公共供水服务。文献中的解释包括技术困难、机构设置薄弱和地籍信息不足。此外，城市贫民往往缺乏政治或经济资源，无法在城市竞技场内行使权力，改变他们的处境;相反，他们在获得水资源方面受到商业化、工业化和“全部成本回收”的制约。在这种情况下，主要通过私人供应商、自有或共用威尔斯井的自我供应和/或非政府组织经营的售货亭，将地下水作为替代品。然而，无论是季节性的还是在整个城市地区的不同地点，优质和安全的地下水都很稀少。此外，对城市地区的水文循环，包括地表水和地下水的流动模式和相互作用、相关的迁移速度、污染物迁移的动力学以及城市地区的补给区和排放区的存在，了解甚少。因此，目前尚不清楚地下水自然储备是否以及能够维持城市日益增长的地下水需求多久，社会、体制、财政和环境条件使城市贫民对地下水的依赖成为一项挑战，可能导致城市贫民生活质量、收入和预期寿命的下降。因此，它可以被视为一个复杂而持久的社会问题，就未来发展而言具有高度不确定性，难以管理，因为它植根于不同的社会领域。而且，这些问题似乎不可能用传统办法和手段或通过现有机构来解决。缺乏的是信息、整合、连贯性和系统性思维。解决问题的办法同样复杂，也不是直截了当的;它将涉及不同的利益攸关方，需要社会学习，解决方案的达成是不确定的，需要很长时间。由地方过渡小组主持，重点是坎帕拉（乌干达）、阿鲁沙的部分地区（坦桑尼亚）和阿克拉（加纳），作为撒哈拉以南非洲日益扩大的混合城市地区的例子，包括贫民窟中依赖地下水的穷人，T-GroUP将首先坚定地扎根于以需求为导向的前沿跨学科社会和自然研究。当前和历史上的多尺度地下水使用制度和多层次治理安排是什么，这些地区过去和现在的权力结构和权力动态是如何存在的，金融和经济因素是如何发挥作用的？这些是我们向自己提出的更多的社会、治理、体制和社会经济类型的问题。从环境和自然科学的角度来看，我们的目标是解开复杂的城市地下水流系统和模式的病原体分布在含水层中使用下一代DNA测序技术和qPCR技术，我们最近开发的。然后，我们的项目将变成一个社会-生物物理过渡实验。上述这些地区成为城市转型实验室，我们计划在其中实施转型管理周期（TMC），该周期能够妥善处理上述复杂的社会问题，并将不可持续的用水转变为包容性的城市地下水管理，从而重点关注城市穷人的作用和需求。TMC的关键组成部分包括多利益相关者平台（“学习联盟”），战略规划和小规模示范，以展示向可持续地下水管理过渡的前景。TMC是为发展影响而设计的，也是研究的主题：从我们早期开发的TMC出发，我们的目标是在我们研究区域的复杂背景下，针对地下水使用量身定制TMC，这可以在撒哈拉以南非洲的其他城市复制。