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FAPESP Marine ferromanganese deposits - a major resource of E-tech elements (MarineE-tech)

FAPESP 海洋铁锰矿床 - 电子技术元素的主要资源 (MarineE-tech)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/M011186/1
负责人：
Bramley Murton
金额：
$ 91.13万
依托单位：
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM011186%2F1
关键词：
FAPESP Marine ferromanganese deposits major

项目摘要

Minerals are essential for economic development, the functioning of society and maintaining our quality of life. Consumption of most raw materials has increased steadily since World War II, and demand is expected to continue to grow in response to the burgeoning global population and economic growth, especially in Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) and other emerging economies. We are also using a greater variety of metals than ever before. New technologies such as those required for modern communication and computing and to produce clean renewable, low-carbon energy require considerable quantities of many metals. In the light of these trends there is increasing global concern over the long-term availability of secure and adequate supplies of the minerals and metals needed by society. Of particular concern are 'critical' raw materials (E-tech element), so called because of their growing economic importance and essential contribution to emerging 'green' technologies, yet which have a high risk of supply shortage.The following E-tech elements are considered to be of highest priority for research: cobalt, tellurium, selenium, neodymium, indium, gallium and the heavy rare earth elements. Some of these E-tech elements are highly concentrated in seafloor deposits (ferromanganese nodules and crusts), which constitute the most important marine metal resource for future exploration and exploitation. For example, the greatest levels of enrichment of Tellurium are found in seafloor Fe-Mn crusts encrusting some underwater mountains. Tellurium is a key component in the production of thin film solar cells, yet is prone to security of supply concerns because of projected increased demand resulting from the widespread deployment of photovoltaic technologies; low recycling rates; and its production as a by-product from copper refining. As a result, it is vital to assess alternative sources of supply of tellurium and the other E-tech elements, the largest source of which is held as seafloor mineral deposits.Our research programme aims to improve understanding of E-tech element concentration in seafloor mineral deposits, which are considered the largest yet least explored source of E-tech elements globally. Our research will focus on two key aspects: The formation of the deposits, and reducing the impacts resulting from their exploitation. Our primarily focus is on the processes controlling the concentration of the deposits and their composition at a local scale (10's to 100's square km). These will involve data gathering by robotic vehicles across underwater mountains and small, deep-sea basins off the coast of North Africa and Brazil. By identifying the processes that result in the highest grade deposits, we aim to develop a predictive model for their occurrence worldwide. We will also address how to minimise the environmental impacts of mineral exploitation. Seafloor mining will have an impact on the environment. It can only be considered a viable option if it is environmentally sustainable. By gathering ecological data and experimenting with underwater clouds of dust that simulate those generated by mining activity, we will explore of extent of disturbance by seafloor mineral extraction. Metal extraction from ores is traditionally very energy consuming. To reduce the carbon footprint of metal extraction we will explore the novel use of organic solvents, microbes and nano-materials. An important outcome of the work will be to engage with the wider community of stakeholders and policy makers on the minimising the impacts of seafloor mineral extraction at national and international levels. This engagement will help inform policy on the governance and management of seafloor mineral exploitation.

矿物质对于经济发展、社会运转和维持我们的生活质量至关重要。自二战以来，大多数原材料的消耗量稳步增长，随着全球人口的迅速增长和经济的增长，尤其是巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国（金砖四国）等新兴经济体的需求预计将继续增长。我们还使用比以往更多种类的金属。现代通信和计算以及生产清洁可再生低碳能源等新技术需要大量金属。鉴于这些趋势，全球越来越关注社会所需矿物和金属的长期安全和充足供应。特别值得关注的是“关键”原材料（电子技术元素），之所以这样称呼是因为它们的经济重要性日益增长，并对新兴“绿色”技术做出了重要贡献，但供应短缺的风险很高。以下电子技术元素被认为是研究的最高优先级：钴、碲、硒、钕、铟、镓和重稀土元素。其中一些电子科技元素高度集中在海底矿床（铁锰结核和结壳）中，构成未来勘探和开采最重要的海洋金属资源。例如，在覆盖一些水下山脉的海底铁锰结壳中发现了最大程度的碲富集。碲是薄膜太阳能电池生产的关键成分，但由于光伏技术的广泛部署预计需求会增加，因此很容易出现供应安全问题；回收率低；及其作为铜精炼副产品的生产。因此，评估碲和其他电子技术元素的替代供应来源至关重要，其中最大的来源是海底矿藏。我们的研究计划旨在提高对海底矿藏中电子技术元素浓度的了解，海底矿床被认为是全球最大但勘探最少的电子技术元素来源。我们的研究将集中在两个关键方面：矿床的形成以及减少开采造成的影响。我们主要关注的是在局部范围（10 到 100 平方公里）控制沉积物浓度及其成分的过程。这些将涉及机器人车辆在水下山脉以及北非和巴西海岸附近的小型深海盆地收集数据。通过确定产生最高品位矿床的过程，我们的目标是开发一个预测模型来预测它们在全球范围内的发生情况。我们还将讨论如何最大限度地减少矿产开采对环境的影响。海底采矿会对环境产生影响。只有在环境可持续的情况下，它才能被视为可行的选择。通过收集生态数据并用模拟采矿活动产生的水下尘埃云进行实验，我们将探索海底矿物开采的干扰程度。从矿石中提取金属传统上非常消耗能源。为了减少金属提取的碳足迹，我们将探索有机溶剂、微生物和纳米材料的新用途。这项工作的一个重要成果将是与更广泛的利益相关者和政策制定者进行接触，以尽量减少国家和国际层面海底矿物开采的影响。这种参与将有助于为海底矿物开采的治理和管理政策提供信息。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Spatial Patterns of Microbial Diversity, Composition and Community Structure in Fe-Mn Deposits and Associated Sediments in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

DOI：
10.1101/2022.03.21.485154
发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
bioRxiv
影响因子：
0
作者：
N. M. Bergo;Adriana Torres-Ballesteros;C. N. Signori;M. Benites;L. Jovane;B. Murton;U. N. da Rocha;V. Pellizari
通讯作者：
N. M. Bergo;Adriana Torres-Ballesteros;C. N. Signori;M. Benites;L. Jovane;B. Murton;U. N. da Rocha;V. Pellizari

Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging Using a Stationary Platform in the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse Hydrothermal Field